新型绿色贸易壁垒法律评析与应对思考

发布时间：2018-06-01 22:20

本文选题：碳关税 + 转基因食品　；参考：《南京财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：气候变暖已经成为全球高度关注的环境问题,这一全球性的的环境问题涉及到全人类的生存和发展的共同利益。保护环境和减少二氧化碳等温室气体的排放成为所有国家所面对的挑战,需要所有的国家团结起来共同努力遏制地球气候地变暖。在此背景下发展低碳经济被提上了各国经济发展的议程上,伴随着各国低碳经济的发展,低碳时代已经成为了一种发展趋势。发达国家却利用发展低碳经济和保护环境的借口,实施贸易保护主义,以低碳贸易壁垒的形式呈现出来。在低碳时代的大背景之下,低碳贸易壁垒必然成为未来国际贸易中的主要贸易壁垒模式。自从2013年1月以来,每到秋冬季节我国大多数城市都遭到了雾霾天气的影响。PM2.5成为了衡量一座城市空气质量好坏的新标准。给中国“高污染、高能耗、高排放”的粗放型经济增长模式敲响了警钟。如何转变我国经济增长模式、调整产业结构、发展低碳经济是我国直面和迫切解决的问题。国际环境下低碳贸易壁垒的发展势必对我国的出口贸易和相关法制建设甚至是政治、经济发展产生巨大的影响,这就需要我国重视起对低碳贸易壁垒的研究。与此同时,伴随着生物科学技术的迅速发展转基因食品成为食品安全领域出现的一个新问题。作为新兴事物的转基因食品其安全性受到了质疑,故而引起了诸多争议,且转基因食品又与贸易、环境等问题息息相关。各国对于转基因食品存在着不确定的风险性,采取了不同的立法态度以制定不同的法律法规及贸易政策。各国对于转基因食品各行其是的做法,最终导致了国际贸易领域的贸易争端,转基因食品安全贸易壁垒也就成为了发达国家进行贸易限制的手段。低碳贸易壁垒与转基因食品安全贸易壁垒作为一种新兴的非关税贸易壁垒,它们有着保护环境与人类健康安全的绿色外衣,又有着发达国家利用其在技术领域所占领的技术优势实施的保护本国产品和提升本国产品竞争力的本质目的。有鉴于此,笔者提出将这两种新出现的技术性贸易壁垒归纳为新型绿色贸易壁垒。
[Abstract]:Global warming has become a global environmental problem, which is related to the common interests of the survival and development of all mankind. Protecting the environment and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide, is a challenge for all countries, requiring all nations to unite their efforts to curb global warming. In this context, the development of low-carbon economy has been put on the agenda of economic development. With the development of low-carbon economy, low-carbon era has become a trend of development. Developed countries use the pretext of developing low-carbon economy and protecting the environment to implement trade protectionism, which appears in the form of low-carbon trade barriers. Under the background of low-carbon era, low-carbon trade barrier is bound to become the main trade barrier mode in the future international trade. Since January 2013, most cities in China have been affected by haze weather every autumn and winter season. PM2.5 has become a new standard to measure the air quality of a city. It is a wake-up call for China's extensive economic growth model of high pollution, high energy consumption and high emission. How to change the economic growth model, adjust the industrial structure, and develop low-carbon economy are the urgent problems to be solved in China. Under the international environment, the development of low-carbon trade barriers is bound to have a great impact on China's export trade, related legal system construction and even political and economic development, which requires our country to attach importance to the study of low-carbon trade barriers. At the same time, with the rapid development of biological science and technology, genetically modified food has become a new problem in the field of food safety. As a new thing, the safety of GM food has been questioned, which has caused a lot of controversy, and GM food is closely related to trade, environment and other issues. Different countries adopt different legislative attitudes to formulate different laws, regulations and trade policies. Different countries have their own ways to deal with GM foods, which leads to trade disputes in the field of international trade. Trade barriers to GM foods have become a means for developed countries to restrict their trade. As a new non-tariff trade barrier, low carbon trade barrier and genetically modified food safety trade barrier have green coat to protect environment and human health and safety. There is also the essential purpose of the developed countries to protect their products and enhance the competitiveness of their products by taking advantage of their technological advantages in the field of technology. In view of this, the author proposes to sum up these two newly emerging technical barriers to trade as new green barriers to trade.
【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D996

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