中国限制豁免主义的立法研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 22:39

本文选题：国家豁免 + 限制豁免主义　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：国家限制豁免主义的研究对于国际法的发展和运用具有重要意义,自国际公法至国际私法,自联合国至欧盟,自国际立法至国内立法,国际组织和各国学者对相关理论和实践都进行了详细的分析与探讨,该问题至今仍是法学界尚未解决的重要争议。笔者以国内外立法和权威学者的研究为基础,认为限制豁免论是国家豁免基本原则的发展方向,建议中国借鉴国际组织和先进国家的立法经验,草拟国家豁免立法草案,规制具体法律程序。笔者将文章框架分为五章。第一章为绪论,介绍了限制豁免主义研究的背景、意义,国内外的实践与立法现状,简单说明了研究思路和主要研究方法,并阐述了本文的创新点及不足之处。第二章首先主要概述限制豁免主义的起源与发展,从而在整体上了解该理论的基本情况。其次,援引限制豁免主义的国际法依据和研究各国对该理论的实践概况。因此,笔者倡导限制豁免主义,绝不是空穴来风,而是研读了国际公约、条约和各国国家豁免法律,国际法的相关依据以及各国实践都表明,本文主张限制豁免主义系有据可循的。第三章从中国实际情况出发,分析了中国国家豁免立场。我国历史上坚持国家绝对豁免主义,这在多个法律案例实践中均有所体现。但是,随着绝对豁免主义弊端的暴露、相对豁免主义适应国际贸易的需要,越来越多的学者支持我国确立相对豁免主义立场。另外,我国签署《联合国国家及其财产管辖豁免公约》以及国内部分立法的调整也表明中国逐渐接受限制豁免主义。第四章笔者阐述了中国运用限制豁免主义在当前时代的机遇与挑战。追溯过去,限制豁免主义是国家豁免相关理论比较及优胜劣汰后得到广泛支持的理论;放眼全球,无论是经济全球化的需要还是主流立法趋势,均充分表现了限制豁免主义的优势,其更是平衡国家双重地位的现实利益和防止国家报复的必然要求;展望未来,限制豁免主义也面临不可避免的挑战,本文中笔者主要联系国际强行法和国际人权法两方面来阐明。最后,笔者对中国运用限制豁免主义提出三大建议:一、确立限制豁免原则及立法;二、规制限制豁免程序;三、警惕限制豁免的滥用。笔者坚持“国家豁免”国际法基本原则不动摇,坚持“一个中国”国内基本原则不动摇,建立国家限制豁免具体适用程序的基本框架,根据一国两制法域差异、国际组织是否纳入国家豁免考量等,提出中国国家豁免立法的思考。总之,笔者以限制豁免主义服务于中国国情为目标。
[Abstract]:The study of the doctrine of State restriction immunity is of great significance to the development and application of international law, from public international law to private international law, from the United Nations to the European Union, from international legislation to domestic legislation. International organizations and scholars from various countries have made detailed analysis and discussion on relevant theories and practices, and this issue is still an important dispute in the legal circles. Based on the research of domestic and foreign legislation and authoritative scholars, the author thinks that the theory of restricted immunity is the development direction of the basic principle of state immunity, and suggests that China should draw lessons from the legislative experience of international organizations and advanced countries to draft a draft legislation on state immunity. Regulate specific legal procedures. The author divides the frame of the article into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which introduces the background, significance, practice and legislation status of the research on the doctrine of restriction immunity, and briefly explains the research ideas and main research methods, and expounds the innovation and shortcomings of this paper. The second chapter mainly summarizes the origin and development of the restrictive immunity doctrine, so as to understand the basic situation of the theory as a whole. Secondly, it invokes the international law basis of the doctrine of restricted immunity and studies the general situation of the practice of this theory in various countries. Therefore, the author's advocacy of limiting immunity is not groundless, but a study of international conventions, treaties and the laws of national immunity, the relevant basis of international law and the practice of various countries. This paper argues that there is evidence to be followed in the doctrine of restrictive immunity. The third chapter analyzes the position of China's state immunity from the actual situation of China. In the history of our country, we insist on the doctrine of absolute immunity of the state, which is reflected in the practice of many legal cases. However, with the exposure of the disadvantages of absolute immunity doctrine, relative immunity doctrine meets the needs of international trade. More and more scholars support the establishment of relative immunity doctrine in our country. In addition, China's signing of the United Nations Convention on jurisdictional Immunities of States and their property and the adjustment of some domestic legislation also indicate that China has gradually accepted the doctrine of restricted immunity. In the fourth chapter, the author expounds the opportunities and challenges of China's application of restrictive immunity in the current era. In retrospect, the doctrine of restricted immunity is a theory widely supported after the comparison of the relevant theories of State immunity and the survival of the fittest; looking at the world, whether it is the need of economic globalization or the mainstream legislative trend, All of them have fully demonstrated the advantages of the doctrine of limiting immunity, which is the inevitable requirement of balancing the realistic interests of dual status of the state and preventing the retaliation of the state, and, looking forward to the future, the doctrine of limiting immunity is also faced with inevitable challenges. In this paper, the author mainly related to international jus cogens and international human rights law to clarify two aspects. Finally, the author puts forward three suggestions to China: first, to establish the principle and legislation of restriction exemption; second, to regulate the procedure of restriction exemption; third, to be on guard against abuse of restriction exemption. The author insists that the basic principles of international law of "state immunity" remain unchanged, and that the basic principle of "one China" is not wavered, and that the basic framework of the specific procedure for the application of state immunity is established, according to the differences of one country, two systems jurisdiction, etc. Whether international organizations take into account the consideration of state immunity, put forward the consideration of Chinese state immunity legislation. In short, the author aims at limiting immunity to serve China's national conditions.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D992

【相似文献】