论气候变化背景下国际投资协定的完善

发布时间：2018-06-06 02:43

本文选题：气候变化 + 国际投资协定　；参考：《中南财经政法大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：如今,气候变化已然成为各国共同面临的严峻挑战之一,联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会第五次评估报告指出,气候变暖已是不争的事实,其可能对全球自然环境及经济社会发展造成深远的乃至毁灭性的影响。因此,各国采取措施遏制或减缓气候变暖、适应气候变化,刻不容缓。国际投资协定在应对气候变化带来的挑战方面发挥着重要作用。一方面,其可以通过鼓励低碳经济投资实现温室气体排放量的减少,而另一方面,由于传统国际投资协定侧重于投资保护,因此并未对气候变化等公共利益给予充分的关注。在气候变化背景下,东道国采取减缓和适应气候变化的措施很可能损害投资者的利益,而国际投资协定中的关键条款对气候变化的忽视则很可能使得东道国在国际投资仲裁中败诉并为此承担责任。国际投资法正处于调整与更新的关键时期,融入了可持续发展理念的新一代国际投资协定正在逐步发展。在这一综合背景下,考察现有投资协定,以可持续发展原则为指导,研究如何起草纳入气候关切等公共利益的新一代投资协定的重要意义不言而明。因此,本文分析了国际投资协定中与应对气候变化相关的关键条款,如国民待遇条款、最惠国待遇条款等。事实上,国际投资仲裁中缺乏遵循先例原则使得仲裁庭对于投资协定中的投资保护条款存在着不同甚至相反的解释。本文旨在对完善投资协定以确保东道国应对气候变化的政策空间提出建议。如对投资协定的关键条款予以限定并使这些条款具有积极促进环境保护和关切气候变化的性质,以及在国际投资协定中加入促进气候友好型外国直接投资的激励措施等。本文除了引言和结语之外,共分为四个部分:第一部分主要分析国际投资协定与应对气候变化的关系,从气候变化的严峻性、国际投资协定对气候变化的重要影响以及国际投资领域呈现出的可持续发展的投资政策趋势这三个方面解释了为何国际投资协定需要体现出气候关切;第二部分研究投资者借以挑战气候相关措施的国际投资协定中的关键条款,其中包含序言条款、实体性条款如征收条款等及投资者—东道国争端解决机制;第三部分探讨如何使得国际投资协定更有利于应对气候变化,主要从对投资协定关键条款进行改进、纳入新条款如明确投资者及投资者母国义务和利用投资激励措施等促进气候友好型投资几个方面展开;第四部分分析我国如何改进投资协定以利于应对气候变化及我国企业在气候变化背景下对外投资应当注意的问题。
[Abstract]:Today, climate change has become one of the serious challenges facing all countries. The fifth assessment report of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change points out that climate change has become an indisputable fact. It may have far-reaching and even devastating effects on the global natural environment and economic and social development. Therefore, it is urgent for countries to take measures to curb or slow climate change and adapt to climate change. IIAS play an important role in addressing the challenges posed by climate change. On the one hand, it can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by encouraging low-carbon economic investment, and on the other hand, because traditional IIAS focus on investment protection, it does not pay sufficient attention to public interests such as climate change. In the context of climate change, measures taken by host countries to mitigate and adapt to climate change are likely to harm the interests of investors, The neglect of climate change in the key provisions of IIAS is likely to result in the host country losing its claim in international investment arbitration and taking responsibility for it. The international investment law is in the key period of adjustment and renewal, and the new generation of international investment agreements, which incorporate the concept of sustainable development, is developing step by step. In this comprehensive context, the importance of examining existing investment agreements, guided by the principles of sustainable development, and studying how to draft a new generation of investment agreements that incorporate public interests, such as climate concerns, is not clear. Therefore, this paper analyzes the key clauses related to climate change in IIAS, such as national treatment clause, most-favored-nation clause and so on. In fact, the lack of precedent in international investment arbitration makes the arbitral tribunal have different or even opposite interpretations of the investment protection clause in the investment agreement. The purpose of this paper is to provide suggestions for perfecting investment agreements to ensure the policy space for host countries to deal with climate change. Such as the qualification of key provisions of investment agreements and their positive nature of promoting environmental protection and climate change concerns, as well as the inclusion of incentives to promote climate-friendly foreign direct investment in international investment agreements. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts: the first part mainly analyzes the relationship between international investment agreements and the response to climate change, from the severity of climate change, The important impact of IIAS on climate change and the emerging trends in investment policies for sustainable development in the field of international investment explain why IIAS need to reflect climate concerns; The second part studies the key provisions of international investment agreements in which investors challenge climate-related measures, including preamble clauses, substantive provisions such as expropriation clauses, and investor-host country dispute settlement mechanism; The third part explores ways to make IIAS more responsive to climate change, mainly by improving key provisions of IIAS, The introduction of new provisions such as clear investors and investor home country obligations and use of investment incentives to promote climate-friendly investment in several aspects; The fourth part analyzes how to improve China's investment agreements in order to deal with climate change and the problems that Chinese enterprises should pay attention to in the context of climate change.
【学位授予单位】：中南财经政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D996.4

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