信用证独立性原则之研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 01:27

本文选题：信用证独立性原则 + 信用证欺诈　；参考：《天津财经大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着世界贸易格局的逐渐融合,跨地区的交易逐渐产生,那么如何在跨地区的贸易中进行结算就成为了商人们必须考虑的问题。从十八世纪末到十九世纪初,信用证制度逐渐成熟。信用证是一种在国际间流通的用来支付货款的工具,它将合同双方当事人之间的商业信用成功地转换成为银行信用,这样就使得在国际贸易结算中,卖方的风险大大地降低。信用证制度能够得到良好的发展其根源就在于它所奉行的信用证独立性原则。信用证独立性原则是指在合同双方当事人约定以信用证作为结算工具时,开证申请人在银行开立信用证,当信用证开立之后它就独立于贸易中的基础合同,不再受到基础合同的约束,买方不能援引基础合同中的抗辩权来指示银行拒绝付款的一种原则。信用证的独立性原则有其独特的价值,使得国际贸易能够安全快捷的进行结算。但是,所有事物都应该一分为二来看待的,信用证的独立性也不例外,而且其在国内的实践水平也相对较低。为了规范信用证制度的使用,也为了减少欺诈现象的出现,商人们在运用的过程中创造了独立性原则的例外情况,也就是信用证欺诈例外原则。“例外”指由于出现了欺诈这种行为,从而在信用证交易中不再适用独立性原则,即允许银行在“单证相符、单单相符”的情形下不予承兑单据。虽然信用证的欺诈例外原则从法理上和操作上完全与独立性相对立,但它却对独立性原则起到了鞭策的作用,它与独立性原则的结合能够更好的发挥信用证独立性的作用。所以在运用欺诈来阻止独立性原则的时候,要严格按照标准执行,不能随意滥用欺诈例外原则。随着我国贸易的不断增加,近些年,我国也频繁地出现各种信用证欺诈的案件,在我国的立法和司法实践中还没有专门的法律来规范,在实践中也表现得较为混乱,这都需要我们努力的研究信用证的相关制度,使信用证制度在我国能够更好的发挥其作用,来促进我国的贸易发展。
[Abstract]:With the gradual integration of the world trade pattern and the emergence of transregional transactions, how to settle the accounts in the cross-regional trade has become a problem that businessmen must consider. From the end of the eighteenth century to the beginning of the nineteenth century, the system of letters of credit gradually matured. A letter of credit is a tool used to pay for the goods in international circulation. It successfully converts the commercial credit between the parties to the contract into bank credit, thus making it possible in international trade settlement, The seller's risk is greatly reduced. The root of the good development of the L / C system lies in the principle of the independence of the L / C. The principle of the independence of a letter of credit means that when the parties to the contract agree to use the letter of credit as a settlement instrument, the applicant opens a letter of credit with the bank, and when the letter of credit is opened, it is independent of the basic contract in trade. No longer bound by the underlying contract, the buyer cannot invoke the defense in the underlying contract to instruct the bank to refuse to pay. The independence principle of letter of credit has its unique value, which makes international trade settle safely and quickly. However, all things should be divided into two, the independence of letter of credit is no exception, and its domestic practice level is relatively low. In order to standardize the use of letter of credit system and to reduce the appearance of fraud, businessmen have created an exception to the principle of independence in the process of application, that is, the exception principle of letter of credit fraud. "exception" means that the principle of independence is no longer applicable in letter of credit transactions as a result of fraud, that is, banks are allowed not to accept documents in the case of "conformity of documents, only conformity". Although the principle of fraud exception of letter of credit is completely opposite to independence in legal theory and operation, it plays a driving role to the principle of independence, and the combination of the principle of independence and the principle of independence can play a better role in the independence of letter of credit. Therefore, when using fraud to prevent independence principle, we should strictly abide by the standard and should not abuse the fraud exception principle at will. With the increasing trade in our country, in recent years, there have been frequent cases of various letter of credit fraud in our country. In our country's legislation and judicial practice, there is no special law to standardize, in practice also show more confusion, which requires us to work hard to study the letter of credit system, so that the letter of credit system in our country can play a better role. To promote China's trade development.
【学位授予单位】：天津财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.2

【参考文献】