我国海洋维权行政执法问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-09 13:46

本文选题：海洋行政执法权 + 海洋维权　；参考：《沈阳工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：党的十八大提出建设海洋强国的战略目标。2014年全国两会政府工作报告对海洋事业发展进行明确部署:要坚持陆海统筹,全面实施海洋战略,发展海洋经济,保护海洋环境,坚决维护国家海洋权益,大力建设海洋强国。我国是世界上的海洋大国,但并不是海洋强国,基于海洋权利的基础较为薄弱,从而使得我国对海洋权利的研究远远落后于其他发达国家。从而使我国绝大多数立法仅仅是照抄国际条约或他国法律,并且大多数都是原则性的规定,并没有有关法律法规,缺少可行性,实际执法过程中存在很大的困难。毕竟国内法的许多概念不同于国际公约,国际公约因为缺乏一个超国家执法机构,其作用往往更多是一种宣示性、指导性;然而一国的国内法必须具有高度的可操作性,才可以发挥应有的作用。在2013年11月,我国海洋局重组,成立了中国海警局,维护我国海上主权。我国海事局仍保留原有建制和职能。然而,中国海警局仍然处于重新组合的过程之中,我国的海洋执法体制也未能理清头绪。中国的海上执法立法的不足,许多实体法和程序法的规定简单并且立法层次低,不足以应对我国面临的严峻的海上安全问题和满足中国的海上维权执法的需要。因此,加强我国海洋维权行政执法建设具有重大的现实意义。主要以文献研究法和法律解释论为主要方法,阐释了什么是我海洋行政执法的法律基础。并剖析了我国海洋行政执法中存在的问题;我国海洋行政执法制度中存在的问题;我国海上警察机关职权的缺失和我国海监行政强制措施制度的缺陷。了解世界海洋强国的海洋维权执法力量,像美国、俄罗斯、英国、韩国等。以此总结出如何完善我国海洋维权相关的法律制度。以制度创新为切入点,试图改变原本分散的海上执法机构,建立制度化的海上联合执法机制;将原本缺失警察职权的海上执法机构,赋予海上执法机构及其人员完整的警察职权;在现存的体制制度中存在的一系列问题进行完善,修订海上法律法规,整改我国海上行政执法队伍,建立综合的海上管理机制,成立权力级别较高的海上行政管理机构。从而更好的建设我国海上维权行政执法力量,将我国海上维权执法力量建设成现代化,高效率,权力协调统一的执法队伍。
[Abstract]:The party's 18th National Congress put forward the strategic goal of building a strong maritime power. The 2014 report of the government of the two national congresses made a clear plan for the development of marine undertakings: it is necessary to adhere to the overall planning of land and sea, comprehensively implement the marine strategy, develop the marine economy, and protect the marine environment. We will resolutely safeguard the country's marine rights and interests and vigorously build a strong marine power. China is a big sea country in the world, but not a sea power. The foundation of ocean rights is relatively weak, which makes the study of ocean rights lag far behind that of other developed countries. As a result, most of the legislation of our country is merely copied from international treaties or laws of other countries, and most of them are rules of principle, and there are no relevant laws and regulations, lack of feasibility, and there are great difficulties in the process of actual law enforcement. After all, many concepts of domestic law differ from international conventions, whose role is often more declarative and instructive because of the lack of a supranational law enforcement agency; however, the domestic law of a State must be highly operational. To play its due role. In November 2013, China's Bureau of Oceanography was reorganized to establish the China Sea Police Department to safeguard China's maritime sovereignty. Our country maritime affairs bureau still retains original system and function. However, the China Sea Police Department is still in the process of regrouping, and China's maritime law enforcement system is not clear. China's maritime law enforcement legislation is inadequate, and many substantive and procedural laws have simple and low legislative levels, which are not sufficient to deal with the severe maritime safety problems faced by our country and to meet the needs of China's maritime rights enforcement. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to strengthen the administrative law enforcement construction of marine rights protection in China. Based on the literature research method and the theory of legal interpretation, this paper explains what is the legal basis of our maritime administrative law enforcement. It also analyzes the problems existing in China's maritime administrative law enforcement system, the problems existing in China's maritime administrative law enforcement system, the lack of authority of our maritime police organs and the defects of China's maritime surveillance administrative coercive measures system. Understand the maritime rights enforcement forces of the world ocean powers, such as the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, South Korea and so on. In order to sum up how to improve our maritime rights-related legal system. With institutional innovation as the starting point, this paper tries to change the original decentralized maritime law enforcement agencies and establish an institutionalized joint maritime law enforcement mechanism. To endow maritime law enforcement agencies and their personnel with complete police powers, to perfect a series of problems existing in the existing system and system, to revise maritime laws and regulations, to reform our maritime administrative law enforcement team, and to establish a comprehensive maritime management mechanism, The establishment of a higher level of power of maritime administrative organs. In order to better build our maritime rights protection administrative law enforcement force, will our maritime rights enforcement forces into a modern, high efficiency, power coordination and unity of the law enforcement team.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D993.5

【相似文献】