印度解决南亚跨界河流争端的实践及其对中印跨界水争端的影响

发布时间：2018-06-09 16:16

本文选题：中国 + 印度　；参考：《武汉大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：中印两国人口占世界总人口的三分之一以上。作为世界上重要的发展中国家和新兴国家,中印两国经济的可持续发展以及社会、环境利益均严重依赖于自然资源。众多的人口和强劲的经济增长使两国对水资源的需求日益增加。如今,这两个亚洲大国均已开始计划利用发源于中国、流经南亚的国际河流。然而,由于某些干扰因素(如领土争端和政治信任缺失),印度媒体反复炒作“中国水资源威胁论”,导致跨界水资源问题日渐上升为一个矛盾点,损害了中印关系。谈到南亚次大陆的水资源历史,涉及的国家包括孟加拉共和国、不丹、印度、尼泊尔和巴基斯坦,这些国家均位于喜马拉雅带,几条主要的国际河流也流经该区域。该地区有着世界上最复杂的国际河流争端,同时也拥有解决此类争端较为成功和有意义的合作模式。因此,南亚地区水资源法规在国际法上享有特殊重要的地位。所以,我们有必要通过分析南亚国际河流的冲突和争端解决方式,提出中印跨界水资源冲突的最新解决方法及双方合作的可能性。本文共分为七章。第一章介绍选题动机、意义、问题、范围、研究方法和论文的大纲,同时还包括了国内外相关研究的文献综述。第二章主要讨论国际水资源冲突、区域安全和国际水法之间的内在衔接关系。第三章对南亚次大陆的区域安全和地区霸权进行了详细分析。第四章阐述了南亚国际河流的水资源冲突及解决争端的合作路径,包括法律途径、组织机制、第三方介入和未来合作前景。第五章详述了中印水资源现状及两国对共有跨界河流各自的开发利用计划,并指出中印水资源冲突的动机以及上述冲突对两国关系的影响。第六章指出中印利用共享跨界河流的不对等性,并提出中印水资源冲突的有效解决方案,建议两国增强政治互信,引入制度合作安排机制,在水资源利用和水资源管理问题上加强技术合作,从而实现从“分享水权”到“分享水利益”观念的转变来应对挑战。构建“中国一南亚,水资源区域合作组织”亦是应对“中国—印度—南亚水资源冲突”的一剂良方。最后,本文得出结论：南亚国际河流冲突和争端的解决方式,可以为中印跨界水资源冲突的解决方法及双方合作的可能性提供借鉴。整个地区的共享水资源的合作前景(不仅包括中印合作,还包括中国和所有南亚国家之间的合作)令人期待。
[Abstract]:China and India account for more than 1/3 of the world's total population. As an important developing and emerging country in the world, China and India depend heavily on natural resources for their sustainable economic development and social and environmental benefits. Large populations and strong economic growth have increased the demand for water resources in both countries. Now, both Asian powers are planning to use international rivers originating in China and flowing through South Asia. However, due to certain interference factors (such as territorial disputes and lack of political trust), the Indian media have repeatedly hyped up the "China Water Resources threat" theory, which has led to a growing contradiction between transboundary water resources problems. The history of water resources in the South Asian subcontinent involves the Republic of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal and Pakistan, all of which are located in the Himalayan belt. Several major international rivers also flow through the region. The region has one of the world's most complex international river disputes, as well as a more successful and meaningful model of cooperation to resolve such disputes. Therefore, South Asia water resources laws and regulations in international law enjoy a special important position. Therefore, it is necessary for us to analyze the conflict and dispute settlement of international rivers in South Asia, and to put forward the latest solutions to the conflicts between China and India and the possibility of cooperation between the two sides. This paper is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter introduces the motivation, significance, problems, scope, research methods and the outline of the thesis, as well as the literature review of related research at home and abroad. The second chapter mainly discusses the connection between international water resources conflict, regional security and international water law. Chapter three makes a detailed analysis of regional security and regional hegemony in the South Asian subcontinent. The fourth chapter expounds the conflict of water resources in international rivers in South Asia and the ways of cooperation in resolving disputes, including legal approach, organization mechanism, third party intervention and the prospect of future cooperation. The fifth chapter details the current situation of water resources in China and India and their respective plans for the development and utilization of common transboundary rivers, and points out the motives of the conflicts between China and India and the impact of the conflicts on the relations between the two countries. Chapter VI points out the unequal utilization of shared transboundary rivers between China and India, and proposes an effective solution to the water resources conflict between China and India. It is suggested that the two countries should enhance political mutual trust and introduce institutional cooperation arrangements. Strengthen technical cooperation on water resources utilization and water resources management, so as to realize the change from "sharing water right" to "sharing water benefits" to meet the challenge. The establishment of "China-South Asia, Water Resources Regional Cooperation Organization" is also a good way to deal with the "China-India-South Asia Water Resources conflict". Finally, this paper draws a conclusion that the settlement of international river conflicts and disputes in South Asia can be used as a reference for the solution of transboundary water resources conflicts between China and India and the possibility of cooperation between the two sides. Prospects for shared water resources across the region, not only between India and China, but also between China and all South Asian countries, are expected.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D993.3

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