联合国处理利比亚问题的国际法分析

发布时间：2018-06-10 01:34

本文选题：利比亚 + 联合国授权　；参考：《上海师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：2010年12月，，始于突尼斯的茉莉花革命对北非政局产生重要影响，在短短几个月的时间内，安吉、利比亚等国相继卷入人民示威游行的浪潮中，最终，北非政治铁三角政权纷纷倒台。其中，联合国对利比亚问题的处理是一个典型。随着利比亚局势的变化，联合国安理会相继通过第1970号决议和第1973号决议来处理利比亚问题。在联合国对利比亚问题的处理中，出现了新的特点和方式值得我们关注，本文将从国际法的角度进行解读。联合国在处理利比亚问题中主要涉及三个方面。第一个是在利比亚设立禁飞区，授权采取行动保护平民的利益。这是联合国安理会的首次“有限授权”，在行动的目标、方式、报告制度等方面都做了一系列的规定，得到了很多好评。但是同时也受到在“合法”行为下干涉他国内政的质疑。因此需要从安理会决议条文的明确到监督机制的完善等一系列方面进行改进。第二个是对政府承认的分析。在联合国大会上，尚未在全国获得完全统治的利比亚“过渡委”通过投票的方式成为利比亚在联合国的合法代表。这一结果与政府承认中要求建立起“事实上统治”的原则存在争议。对利比亚“过渡委”的承认具有特殊性，但是鉴于国际组织在国际社会上作用越来越重要，协调好“程序上合法”与“事实上统治”之间存在的矛盾才是更值得我们思考的问题。第三个方面将集中讨论对国际刑事法院对利比亚前领导人的逮捕审判问题、国际刑事法院对北约军队和利比亚“过渡委”指挥的军队在利比亚战争中可能存在的侵犯人权事件的调查问题上。本文通过对国际法的分析，认为国际刑事法院能够对非《罗马规约》缔约国的利比亚前领导人具有合法管辖权，原因在于对利比亚具有约束力的联合国安理会通过第1970号决议将利比亚情势提交给了国际刑事法院。联合国安理会与国际刑事法院的合作在维护地区和平与安全方面是一个新的动向，也是一种很好的实践。直至今天，北非政局仍在动荡，也正是吸取了联合国在处理利比亚问题上的失误，使得在处理叙利亚问题上，联合国安理会的态度更加谨慎。
[Abstract]:In December 2010, the Jasmine Revolution, which began in Tunisia, had an important impact on the political situation in North Africa. In just a few months, Anji, Libya and other countries were involved in the wave of people's demonstrations, and finally, North Africa's political and iron triangle regime has collapsed. The UN's handling of Libya is a classic example. As the situation in Libya changes, the UN Security Council has adopted Resolution 1970 and Resolution 1973 to deal with Libya. In the United Nations' handling of the Libyan issue, new features and methods have emerged that deserve our attention, and this article will be interpreted from the perspective of international law. The United Nations mainly involves three aspects in dealing with the Libyan issue. The first is the imposition of a no-fly zone in Libya, authorizing action to protect the interests of civilians. This is the first "limited authorization" of the UN Security Council. But it is also questioned by interference in the internal affairs of other countries under "lawful" behavior. Therefore, a series of improvements are needed, from the clarity of the provisions of the Security Council resolutions to the perfection of the oversight mechanism. The second is the analysis of the government's recognition. At the United Nations General Assembly, Libya's "transitional council", which has yet to gain full national rule, voted as Libya's legitimate representative at the United Nations. The result is disputed by the government's recognition of the principle of de facto rule. The recognition of the "Transitional Council" in Libya is unique, but in view of the growing importance of the role of international organizations in the international community, Reconciling the contradiction between "procedural legality" and "de facto rule" is more worthy of our consideration. The third aspect will focus on the arrest and trial of the former Libyan leader by the International Criminal Court. The ICC is investigating possible human rights violations by NATO forces and forces under the command of Libya's "transitional council" in the Libyan war. Through an analysis of international law, this paper concludes that the International Criminal Court can have legitimate jurisdiction over former Libyan leaders who are not parties to the Rome Statute. The reason is that Libya was referred to the International Criminal Court by UN Security Council Resolution 1970, which is binding on Libya. The cooperation between the United Nations Security Council and the International Criminal Court is a new trend and a good practice in maintaining regional peace and security. Even today, the political situation in North Africa is still in turmoil. It is the United Nations' failure to deal with Libya that has made the UN Security Council more cautious in its handling of Syria.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D99;D813.2

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