我国北极科考权的社会需求基础和国际维权对策

发布时间：2018-06-12 02:12

本文选题：北极 + 科考权　；参考：《中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版)》2015年05期

【摘要】：随着北极海冰的快速减退,北极正在从一个冰雪连天的荒蛮之地成为生机勃勃的希望之洲。我国在北极有各种潜在的权益正在生成,成为政界、学界和经济界关注的焦点。大多数权益可以通过商业方式获取,而对北极进行科学考察和研究的权利却是必须获取、而且不可替代的权利。国家在公海等全球公域范围内拥有科考自由的权利,但是在其他国家管辖范围内则需要遵循相关的国际法和国内法制度。这就要求一国如果希冀维护和扩大本国的科考权益,主要可以通过两种途径:一种是通过政府间国际组织,在制定相关的政策法规时充分考虑我国的权益。另一种是加强双边或多边的合作,拓展科考权的空间。北极国家迄今对我国的北极科考活动采取默许和支持的心态,是我国争取和维护科考权的大好时机。获取和维护我国在北极的科考权是为了满足国家在北极的各种权益而采取的必要对策。推动解决北极面对的重大科学问题,是北极科考权的最为重要的环节。
[Abstract]:With the rapid decline of Arctic sea ice, the Arctic is moving from an icy wilderness to a vibrant land of hope. China has a variety of potential rights and interests in the Arctic, becoming the focus of political, academic and economic circles. Most rights can be obtained commercially, while the right to scientific investigation and research into the Arctic is a necessary and irreplaceable right. States have the right to freedom of scientific research in the global Commons such as the high seas, but within the jurisdiction of other countries, they need to follow the relevant international and domestic legal systems. This requires a country to maintain and expand the rights and interests of its own scientific research, mainly through two ways: one is through intergovernmental international organizations, in the formulation of relevant policies and regulations to fully consider the rights and interests of our country. The other is to strengthen bilateral or multilateral cooperation to expand the space for scientific research. So far, Arctic countries have tacitly approved and supported the Arctic scientific activities in China, which is a good opportunity for our country to strive for and safeguard the right of scientific examination. To obtain and protect the right of scientific examination in the Arctic is a necessary countermeasure to satisfy the rights and interests of our country in the Arctic. It is the most important link of the right of the Arctic to promote the solution of the major scientific problems facing the Arctic.
【作者单位】：中国海洋大学海洋环境学院;
【基金】：科技部“气候变化背景下北极地缘政治经济与安全的发展趋势及我国的对策研究”(2012BAC20B06)阶段性成果
【分类号】：D993.5

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