专利产品平行进口的美中法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 22:53

本文选题：平行进口 + 专利　；参考：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：平行进口是指在国际贸易中,未经知识产权权利人授权,进口由权利人或者经权利人同意投放市场的产品或服务,或者进口与权利人的权利具有同源性的知识产权产品的行为或者现象。由于各种原因,知识产权产品在不同国家之间存在价格差异,因有利可图,于是进口商从低价国购进产品,然后进口到价格较高的国家,或者某种产品因某些原因在本国市场上不可得,于是进口商设法从国外市场上获得产品进口到本国。由于平行进口产品的价格低廉,对进口国的知识产权权利人在国内销售产品造成较大的冲击,从而引发是否允许平行进口的问题。现在,美国在专利和版权领域采用的是“国内穷竭原则”,而在商标领域采取“地域性原则”和“普遍性原则”相结合。虽然美国自二战以来就倡导自由贸易,但在《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》(TRIPS协议)的谈判过程中,美国不主张把知识产权的“国际穷竭”论纳入到该文件中,而是极力反对在TRIPS协议中规定允许平行进口。这似乎与其自由贸易理论背道而驰,但这真实反映了美国的心态：一方面要保护其跨国公司自由进入各国市场,另一方面希望给予美国知识产权人尽可能高的保护。 2009年生效实施的我国第三次修改后的《专利法》对平行进口问题作了规定,但只有一项条款,采用的是“国际穷竭原则”。国际穷竭原则对我国而言,并非最佳。随着美国政府和跨国企业对我国知识产权维权的要求日益升温,我国需要尽早规划,制定、完善相关法律制度及规定,在商品国际自由流通与专利产品保护之间找到平衡点,以应对可能大量出现的平行进口现象。除此之外,应当未雨绸缪,为将来可能出现的在WTO框架内达成解决这一问题的协议提供参考。本文通过对相关国际法和美中法律制度的研究及梳理,认为TRIPS协议仍未明确对权利穷竭的限制,而是留由TRIPS成员的国内法规制。通过比较分析美中两国在TRIPS协议下自行决定专利产品平行进口的不同制度,从美国判例法的角度进行实证分析,希望对我国专利法修改以及相关司法解释出台中对于平行进口的权利限制问题提出借鉴,减少在知识产权国际贸易中的摩擦和代价。
[Abstract]:Parallel import refers to the import of products or services in international trade that are put on the market by the right holder or with the consent of the right holder without the authorization of the owner of the intellectual property right, Or the act or phenomenon of importing intellectual property products of the same origin as the rights of the right holder. For various reasons, there are price differences among different countries for intellectual property products. As a result of the profit, importers buy products from countries with low prices and then import them to countries with higher prices. Or a product is not available in the domestic market for some reason, so the importer tries to import the product from the foreign market. Because the price of parallel import products is low, it has a great impact on the right holders of intellectual property rights in importing countries to sell products at home, thus causing the question of whether parallel imports should be allowed. At present, the United States adopts the "domestic exhaustion principle" in the field of patent and copyright, while the "regional principle" and "universal principle" are adopted in the field of trademark. Although the United States has advocated free trade since World War II, during the negotiation of the trips Agreement, the United States did not advocate the inclusion of the "international exhaustion" of intellectual property rights in this document. It is strongly opposed to allowing parallel imports in trips. This may seem to run counter to its theory of free trade, but it is a true reflection of the American mentality: on the one hand, to protect the free access of its multinationals to national markets. On the other hand, we hope to give the IPR the highest possible protection in the United States. The third revised Patent Law, which came into effect in 2009, provides for parallel import, but there is only one provision. The International exhaustion principle was adopted. The principle of international exhaustion is not the best for our country. With the increasing demand of the US government and multinational enterprises for the protection of intellectual property rights in China, China needs to plan, formulate and improve relevant legal systems and regulations as soon as possible, so as to find a balance between the free international circulation of goods and the protection of patented products. In order to cope with the possible large number of parallel import phenomenon. In addition, we should prepare for a rainy day to provide a reference for the possible future agreement to solve this problem within the framework of WTO. Based on the study of relevant international law and US-China legal system, this paper holds that trips Agreement does not clearly limit the exhaustion of rights, but leaves the domestic laws and regulations of trips members. Through the comparative analysis of the different systems in which the United States and China decide the parallel import of patented products under trips Agreement, this paper makes an empirical analysis from the perspective of the case law of the United States. It is hoped that it can be used for reference to limit the rights of parallel import in the revision of patent law and the relevant judicial interpretation in order to reduce the friction and cost in the international trade of intellectual property.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D997.1;D923.42;D971.2

【参考文献】