国际货运代理人法律地位研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 12:26

本文选题：国际货运代理人 + 法律地位　；参考：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：国际货运代理行业是在国际贸易实践中产生的一个行业,随着国际贸易的发展,国际货运代理行业也不断发展,由传统上只为委托人代为运输、报关发展为可以经营多式联运业务,签发自己的提单,由传统上只作为代理人发展为可以作为无船承运人、多式联运经营人和第三方物流经营人。国际货运代理人身份的多样性使得识别它在执行某一具体事务中的身份成为了一个难题,而正确认定国际货运代理人的身份对确定国际货运代理人的权利、义务、责任又具有重要的意义。本文分为五个部分：第一章是国际货运代理人概述。首先介绍了国际上对国际货运代理人的定义和国际货运代理人定义的演变过程,澄清了随着国际货运代理人的发展,现在如果再使用“国际货运代理人”这一表述可能不十分科学。而后阐明了国际货运代理人身份识别问题产生的原因和研究此问题的重要意义,结论是探究国际货运代理人的身份对确定国际货运代理人的权利、义务、责任具有重要意义。第二章采用了举例法和归纳法,试图通过实际案例来总结判断国际货运代理人身份时应当考虑的几种因素。在第一个案例中,我们可以看到判断国际货运代理人并不是简单的事,要综合分析多种情况,才能得出正确的结论。在第二个案例中,情况变得更为复杂,国际货运代理人与他人签订的多个合同互相影响,这时不能单独分析一个合同,而是要综合分析几个合同的内容和签订过程,弄清楚整个事情的来龙去脉,才能对国际货运代理人真正的身份做出正确的判断。第三章采用了分类讨论的方法,在准确识别国际货运代理人身份之后,分别讨论了国际货运代理人作为代理人和独立经营人时的权利、义务、责任,作为独立经营人又可以分为无船承运人、多式联运经营人、仓储保管人、混合经营人。第四章从一个全新的视角研究了国际货运代理人作为报关人时的法律地位。具有报关资格的国际货运代理人可以进行报关业务,报关一方面是国际货运代理人代理的事项之一,此时国际货运代理人与委托人之间是平等主体之间的法律关系,受民法的调整；另一方面,报关是国际货运代理人向作为国家机关的海关进行申报的活动,此时的国际货运代理人与海关之间产生的是不平等主体之间的法律关系,受行政、刑事法律的调整。国际货运代理人在进行这一活动时产生了两种法律关系,这时国际货运代理人的法律地位容易产生混淆,法律责任也不甚清晰。所以,识别国际货运代理人作为报关人时的法律地位具有重要意义。本章就这一问题进行了分情况讨论,分别讨论了国际货运代理人与委托人和海关产生关系时的法律地位和法律责任。第五章为完善国际货运代理的法律提出建议,试图对国际货运代理人概念的澄清、对国际货运代理人监管模式的选择和监管内容的确立和完善提出建议,以期对完善国际货运代理的法律制度提供参考。
[Abstract]:The international freight forwarding agent industry is an industry in the practice of international trade . With the development of international trade , the international freight forwarding agent industry is developing continuously . It is a problem that the identity of the international freight agent is recognized as a difficult problem in carrying out the identity of the international freight forwarding agent , and it is of great significance to identify the identity of the international freight agent in the determination of the rights , obligations and responsibilities of the international freight agent .

This article is divided into five parts :

Chapter One is an overview of international freight forwarding agents . Firstly , the definition of international freight forwarding agents and the evolution of international freight agent definitions are introduced . As the development of international freight forwarding agents , it may not be very scientific to use the expression of " international freight forwarding agents " .

In the second case , we can see that the international freight forwarder is not a simple matter . In the second case , we can see that the international freight forwarding agent is not a simple matter . In the second case , we can get the correct conclusion . In the second case , the situation becomes more complex , and the international freight agent is affected by many contracts with others .

Chapter Three discusses the right , obligation and responsibility of international freight agent as agent and independent operator after accurately identifying the identity of international freight agent . It can be divided into non - vessel carrier , multimodal transport operator , storage controller and mixed operator .

Chapter IV studies the legal status of international freight agent as the customs broker from a brand - new perspective . The international freight agent with the declaration of customs clearance can carry on the customs declaration business , the customs declaration is one of the matters of the agent of international freight forwarding agent , at this time , the legal relation between the international freight agent and the principal is equal subject , and is regulated by the civil law ;
On the other hand , the customs declaration is the activity of the international freight forwarding agent to declare to the customs which is the state organ . At this time , the international freight forwarder has two legal relations between the international freight agent and the customs , which is regulated by the administrative and criminal law . The international freight forwarder has two legal relations when carrying out this activity . Therefore , it is very important to identify the legal status of the international freight agent as the customs declaration . Therefore , it discusses the legal status and legal liability of the international freight forwarder in the relationship between the principal and the customs .

In the fifth chapter , we propose to perfect the international freight forwarding agent ' s concept , try to clarify the concept of international freight forwarding agent , make suggestions on the selection of international freight agent supervision mode and the establishment and perfection of supervision content , in order to provide reference for perfecting the legal system of international freight forwarding agent .
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1

【参考文献】