促进我国中小企业海外投资的法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 03:04

本文选题：促进措施 + 中小企业　；参考：《河北经贸大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：十年前的1999年,中国是一个正在进行经济转型、人民憧憬世界、中国产品打开国际市场的国度。西方主流媒体和舆论就中国入世对世界到底会带来什么样的影响而争论不休,但是中国已经成为国际经济不可缺少的组成部分,中国威胁论开始了世界性的蔓延。而十二年后的今天,中国是一个完成WTO体制经济转轨、人民充满自信的经济、贸易、投资大国。西方主流媒体和舆论对于金融危机后重新洗牌的国际经济体系中的中国进行了重新审视,中国成为拉动世界经济复苏的火车头,中国威胁论和中国救世主论并行,但后者似乎更占上风。随着中国经济的崛起,主宰国际经济数十年的七国集团的历史使命即将结束,中国成为新的国际经济体制中的一个关键要素,这对中国而言既是挑战,也是机遇。这在国际投资领域来得更为突然。中国以制造业实体经济为基础积累起来的外汇储备和资金改变了国际投资的流向。中国正实行从吸收海外投资向投资海外的战略转折。中国企业胸怀全球志向,开始进行大规模海外并购,并试图通过向海外投资实行产业的海外转移。作为“世界工厂”的中国对能源等资源的巨大需求促使中国企业使用巨额资金到海外去寻求各种能源等资源。中国的大企业进行海外投资有其天生的优势：资金雄厚,政策导向,国家立法支持。但是中小企业的的海外投资却障碍重重,面对业已饱和了的国内市场,中小企业必然也要进行海外投资来维持其自身的的发展,但中小企业本身就势单力薄,资金方面严重短缺,还有不完善的国家法律,政策环境的阻碍,使得中小企业进行海外投资举步维艰,这显然与我国现有的经济发展方向和“走出去”战略的实现相违背。我国关于中小企业海外投资保护的法律很不健全,鼓励政策也不完善,甚至在某些方面还是空白,这就使得我国中小企业的海外投资利益很难得到有力的保护,使得中小企业进行海外投资的热情大打折扣。具体而言,我国中小企业海外投资面临的法律障碍和困境主要体现在以下几个方面：中小企业海外投资立法混乱、滞后、缺乏权威性；有关海外投资的国内法与国际法衔接和利用不足；中小企业海外投资保险机制不健全；中小企业海外投资监管制度缺位；现行融资制度不利于中小企业海外投资融资；立法中缺乏对中小企业海外投资者的重视。这些法律障碍和困境的存在严重影响了我国中小企业海外投资的热情,不利于中小企业发展壮大,削弱了我国企业在海外市场的竞争力,更抑制了我国“走出去”战略的顺利实现。综观世界各国实践,无论是发达的资本主义国家,还是发展中国家都在鼓励和促进本国的中小企业走出去,进行海外投资,取得国际市场上的先导权。在其各国内法律体系中都有促进本国中小企业进行海外投资的立法,都在努力为本国中小企业进行海外投资创造良好的法律和政策环境。虽然我国对中小企业海外投资也采取了一定的促进和鼓励措施,但目前我国关于这方面的立法体系还十分不完善,存在许多障碍,立法远远滞后于现实的需要。因此,借鉴其他国家的先进立法经验,加强对中小企业海外投资立法的规范在现阶段是十分必要的。本文从我国中小企业海外投资的基本理论问题入手,说明了中小企业发展海外投资的必要性和可行性,目的是消除人们对中小企业的歧视性心理。而后阐明了我国在这方面的立法现状和中小企业进行海外投资面临的法律障碍与困境,在进一步分析国外相关的中小企业海外投资法律制度的基础上,又提出了完善我国中小企业海外投资法律制度的立法建议。以期对促进我国中小企业的海外投资提供一定的法律制度保障,激发中小企业对外投资的热情,保护中小企业的海外利益。
[Abstract]:Ten years ago, ten years ago, China was a country that was undergoing economic transformation, the people looked forward to the world and the Chinese products opened the international market. The mainstream media and public opinion in the West argued about the impact of China's entry into the world on the world. But China has become an indispensable part of the international economy, China's threat theory. Today, twelve years later, China is a complete WTO economic transition, the people are full of confidence in the economy, trade and investment. The western mainstream media and public opinion have reexamined China in the international economic system of re shuffling after the financial crisis, and China has become an economic recovery in the world. With the rise of China's economy, the historical mission of the group of seven countries, which dominates the international economy for decades, is about to end. China is a key element in the new international economic system, which is both a challenge and an opportunity for China. The foreign exchange reserves and funds that China has accumulated on the basis of the manufacturing real economy have changed the flow of international investment. China is turning to a strategic turn from absorbing overseas investment to investment abroad. China's huge demand for energy and other resources, as the "world factory", has prompted Chinese enterprises to use huge sums of money to seek resources such as all kinds of energy. China's large enterprises have their natural advantages: rich funds, policy oriented, national legislative support. But the sea of small and medium-sized enterprises There are many obstacles in foreign investment. Facing the already saturated domestic market, small and medium-sized enterprises are bound to invest overseas to maintain their own development. However, small and medium-sized enterprises themselves have a weak single force, a serious shortage of funds, and the obstacles of imperfect national law and policy environment, which make small and medium-sized enterprises make difficulties in overseas investment. This is obviously contrary to our current economic development direction and the realization of the "going out" strategy. The law on the protection of small and medium-sized enterprises overseas investment is not sound, and the encouragement policy is not perfect, even in some aspects, which makes it difficult to protect the interests of the foreign investment in the small and medium-sized enterprises. The enthusiasm of small businesses to invest abroad is discounted.
In particular, the legal obstacles and difficulties faced by small and medium enterprises in China are mainly reflected in the following aspects: the foreign investment legislation of small and medium enterprises is chaotic, lagging, and lack of authority; the domestic law and the international law are insufficient; the insurance mechanism of small and medium-sized enterprises is not sound; The regulatory system of overseas investment is absent. The current financing system is not conducive to overseas investment and financing of SMEs.
The existence of these legal obstacles and difficulties has seriously affected the enthusiasm of small and medium enterprises in China, which is not conducive to the development and expansion of small and medium-sized enterprises, weaken the competitiveness of Chinese enterprises in the overseas market, and also inhibit the smooth realization of our "going out" strategy. Developing countries are encouraging and promoting their small and medium-sized enterprises to go out, invest abroad and gain the right to lead in the international market. In their domestic legal systems, there are legislation to promote foreign investment in their own small and medium-sized enterprises. All of them are trying to create a good legal and policy environment for foreign investment in their own small and medium-sized enterprises. However, our country has also taken some measures to promote and encourage foreign investment in small and medium-sized enterprises, but at present, the legislative system in this area is still very imperfect, there are many obstacles, the legislation is far behind the needs of reality. Therefore, we should learn from the advanced legislative experience of other countries and strengthen the standardization of the legislation of foreign investment in small and medium-sized enterprises. It is very necessary at this stage.
This paper, starting with the basic theoretical problems of the overseas investment of small and medium enterprises in China, illustrates the necessity and feasibility of the small and medium-sized enterprises to develop overseas investment. The purpose is to eliminate the discriminatory mentality of the small and medium enterprises. Then, the legislative status of China in this respect and the legal obstacles and difficulties faced by the small and medium enterprises in the overseas investment are clarified. On the basis of further analysis of foreign related legal system for foreign investment in small and medium enterprises, the legislative proposals for improving the legal system of foreign investment in small and medium enterprises in China are put forward in order to provide a certain legal system to promote the overseas investment of small and medium enterprises in China, to stimulate the enthusiasm of small and medium-sized enterprises to invest in foreign countries and to protect small and medium enterprises. Overseas interests.
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.295;D996.4

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