国家管辖范围外海域深海遗传资源管理法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 01:45

本文选题：国家管辖范围外海域 + 深海遗传资源　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着海洋开发可能性日趋增大，人类利用海洋各种奇特生物治疗疾病等方面的能力也在不断发展。然而与此同时，存在着一些问题，对于国家管辖范围之外海域生存的生物，即主要在海洋的海床、洋底及其底土之上发现的生物，我们称这种生物为深海遗传资源，对这些资源的争论现已成为国际热点问题，包括联合国在内的多个组织都对该问题进行了广泛讨论。对该问题的争论主要是这些资源属于公海制度范畴还是“区域”制度范畴，发达国家与发展中国家之间就其归于公海自由原则还是人类共同继承财产原则分歧很大。与此相关的法律框架主要有：《联合国海洋法公约》、《生物多样性公约》和《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》等，但是对该问题来说都存在法律空白。本文共分六章对该问题展开研究与分析。第一章是对国家管辖范围外海域的这些遗传资源的概况，其中包含对其概念、生存环境、价值的界定与分析，为下文论述打好基础。第二章通过梳理现有法律框架以期探索现有法律是否有关于这些资源的相关规定，通过梳理会发现现有法律框架的局限性，说明现有的法律对于这些遗传资源来说都是不能够直接适用的。但是，从相关法律规定中我们能够找到可以协调解决该问题的依据，并且能够找到对其管理问题可以借鉴的原则与规定。第三章是法律地位的确定问题。笔者在分析归纳发展中国家和发达国家的典型观点与论据后，明确地列出了这两种相反的观点的依据，而后，笔者提出了自己的观点，即国家管辖范围外海域的深海遗传资源应属于人类共同财产，并且对于发达国家提出的理由进行了反驳与论证。第四章是与该种资源管理有关问题的探讨。在与该种资源管理有关的几个法律问题上，笔者提出了5个问题，一是海洋科研与生物勘探的区分；二是深海遗传资源的获取与惠益分享；三是遗传资源技术转让与知识产权保护的问题；四是知识产权保护与遗传资源保护二者关系的协调；五是深海遗传资源的保护与养护问题，通过分析得出管理局应当作为最适宜的管理者的结论。第五章是结合法律地位问题的确定，提出几种管理方案与途径并分析各自的利弊。第六章是对我国在参与对于这些资源的管理问题上，，应该采取什么样的策略，现阶段及未来我国应如何做以维护我国的海洋权益，同时为了更好地解决对于这些资源的管理问题，发挥自己的作用与力量。
[Abstract]:With the increasing possibility of marine exploitation, the ability of human beings to use marine exotic biotherapeutic diseases is also developing. At the same time, however, there are some problems that we call deep-sea genetic resources for organisms that exist in areas beyond national jurisdiction, that is, organisms found primarily on the seabed, on the ocean floor and on the subsoil of the ocean, The debate over these resources has become an international hot issue, which has been extensively discussed by many organizations, including the United Nations. The main argument on this issue is that these resources belong to the high seas regime or the "area" regime, and there are great differences between the developed countries and the developing countries on whether they belong to the principle of freedom on the high seas or the principle of the common heritage of mankind. The related legal frameworks include the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Agreement on Trade-Related aspects of intellectual property Rights. This paper is divided into six chapters to study and analyze the problem. The first chapter is an overview of these genetic resources in the sea areas beyond national jurisdiction, which includes the definition and analysis of their concepts, living environment and value, which lays a good foundation for the following discussion. In the second chapter, we can find out the limitations of the existing legal framework by combing the existing legal framework in order to explore whether there are relevant provisions on these resources in the existing law. It shows that existing laws are not directly applicable to these genetic resources. However, from the relevant laws and regulations, we can find the basis to solve this problem harmoniously, and can find the principles and regulations that can be used for reference to the management problems. The third chapter is the determination of legal status. After analyzing and summarizing the typical views and arguments of developing and developed countries, the author clearly lists the basis of these two opposite views, and then puts forward his own views. That is, the deep-sea genetic resources in the areas beyond national jurisdiction should belong to the common property of mankind, and the reasons put forward by developed countries are refuted and proved. The fourth chapter discusses the problems related to the management of this kind of resources. On several legal issues related to the management of this kind of resources, the author puts forward five problems, one is the distinction between marine scientific research and biological exploration, the other is the acquisition and benefit-sharing of deep-sea genetic resources. Third, the issue of technology transfer of genetic resources and the protection of intellectual property rights; fourth, the coordination of the relationship between the protection of intellectual property rights and the protection of genetic resources; and, fifthly, the protection and conservation of deep-sea genetic resources. The conclusion that the Authority should be the most suitable manager is concluded by analysis. Chapter five puts forward several kinds of management schemes and approaches and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages in combination with the determination of legal status. The sixth chapter is about the strategy that our country should adopt to participate in the management of these resources, and how to protect the marine rights and interests of our country at this stage and in the future. At the same time, in order to better solve the management of these resources, play their role and strength.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D993.5;D997.1

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