南海渔业补贴的法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 21:52

本文选题：渔业资源 + 补贴制度　；参考：《海南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：党的十八大报告提出我们要“提高海洋资源开发能力,发展海洋经济”。南海作为我国海洋资源最为丰富的海域,也是海南省经济得以发展的重要依托。有效开发南海资源是海南省经济发展的必然,也是我国建设海洋强国的重中之重。开发南海,渔业先行,因为渔业能创造巨大的经济效益。南海,特别是南海深海海域渔业资源丰富,根据西中沙海域渔业发展潜力评估,海南至少可以再增加1450艘渔船,用于开发南海渔业资源。这样,每年可新增渔业产值41.2亿元。而目前的实际情况却是南海近海渔业资源匮乏且遭到过度捕捞,同时南海远海渔业资源丰富且几乎“无船问津”。这一状态已经引起了公众的广泛关注。究其原因,主要是南海渔业补贴制度的缺陷制约了我国渔民进行远海作业的积极性,导致近海渔业资源的衰退和远海渔业资源得不到有效开发。目前南海渔业补贴制度研究在国内属于研究比较少的一块领域,迫切需要进行深入研究。鉴于此,本文从法律的角度对南海渔业补贴制度进行了研究。全文分为五个部分：第一部分主要是从渔业补贴入手对南海渔业补贴的正当性、合法性和必要性以及意义进行分析；第二部分则是对南海渔业补贴制度的现状进行介绍和分析,重点指出我国南海渔业补贴制度存在的问题；第三部分是从域外寻求解决之道,重点考察加拿大、美国等主要渔业大国在渔业补贴制度上的可借鉴之处；第四部分以WTO规则为背景,在借鉴域外经验的基础上,提出完善我国南海渔业补贴制度的建议；第五部分笔者对本文的研究结论进行了归纳总结。本文的主要创新之处在于：首先,从法学特别是经济法学的角度对南海渔业资源开发及其开发中的渔业补贴制度问题进行分析,以解决海南渔业产业的具体问题,推动海南社会经济的发展；其次,建议制定《南海渔业补贴法》,对渔业补贴的种类、对象、适用范围、补贴标准、实施主体进行总括性规定,以指导南海渔业补贴政策的实施,且对渔业补贴的种类进行了较为详细的概括；第三,建议应对建造大型渔船进行南海远海作业的渔民给予造船补贴,且金融机构应对建造大型渔船进行远海作业的渔民给予贷款优惠以鼓励渔民“造大船,闯深海”,保护近海渔业资源,有效开发南海远海渔业资源；第四,建议完善我国政策性渔业保险机制和南海渔业基础设施建设等。
[Abstract]:The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) proposed that we should "improve the ability of marine resources development and develop marine economy." The South China Sea, as the most abundant sea area in China, is also an important support for the economic development of Hainan Province. The effective exploitation of South China Sea resources is the necessity of the economic development of Hainan Province and the most important part of building a powerful marine country in China. The development of the South China Sea, fisheries first, because fisheries can create great economic benefits. The South China Sea, especially the deep sea area, is rich in fishery resources. According to the assessment of fishery development potential in Xizhong Sha area, Hainan can increase at least 1450 more fishing vessels to exploit fishery resources in the South China Sea. In this way, the annual increase in fishery output value of 4.12 billion yuan. However, the actual situation is that the offshore fishery resources in the South China Sea are scarce and overfishing, and the offshore fishery resources in the South China Sea are abundant and almost "no vessel interested". This state of affairs has aroused widespread public concern. The main reason is that the deficiency of the fishery subsidy system in the South China Sea restricts the enthusiasm of Chinese fishermen to carry out offshore fishing, resulting in the decline of offshore fishery resources and the lack of effective exploitation of offshore fishery resources. At present, the research on the fishery subsidy system in the South China Sea is a relatively small area in China. In view of this, this article carries on the research from the legal angle to the South China Sea fishery subsidy system. The paper is divided into five parts: the first part is mainly from the fisheries subsidies to the South China Sea fishery subsidies legitimacy, legitimacy and necessity and significance of analysis; the second part is to introduce and analyze the current situation of the South China Sea fishery subsidy system. The third part is to seek the solution from the outside, and to investigate the major fishery countries such as Canada, the United States and other major fishing countries in the fisheries subsidy system can be used for reference. In the fourth part, based on the WTO rules and foreign experience, the author puts forward some suggestions to perfect the fishery subsidy system in the South China Sea. In the fifth part, the author summarizes the conclusions of this paper. The main innovations of this paper are as follows: first of all, from the angle of law, especially economic law, this paper analyzes the exploitation of fishery resources in the South China Sea and the fishery subsidy system in order to solve the specific problems of Hainan fishery industry. Secondly, it is suggested that the "South China Sea Fisheries subsidy Law" should be formulated to provide for the types, objects, applicable scope, subsidy standards, and implementing subjects of fishery subsidies in the South China Sea, so as to guide the implementation of the fishery subsidies policy in the South China Sea. And the types of fishery subsidies are summarized in detail. Thirdly, it is suggested that the fishermen who build large fishing boats to operate in the South China Sea should be given shipbuilding subsidies. Moreover, financial institutions should give loans to fishermen who build large fishing boats to operate in the far sea in order to encourage fishermen to "build large vessels and break into the deep sea," protect offshore fishery resources, and effectively exploit the offshore fishery resources in the South China Sea. Fourth, Suggestions are made to improve China's policy fishery insurance mechanism and the construction of fishery infrastructure in the South China Sea.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D996.1;D922.29

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