国际海洋法法庭程序对滞留海员权利救济问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 16:19

本文选题：国际海洋法法庭 + 海员权利　；参考：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：国际海洋法法庭是基于1982年《联合国海洋法公约》项下成立的综合处理海洋争端的专业性法庭。自1996年设立以来,共审理了 25起案件,其中8件为迅速释放程序案件(见附表),近年来有关于迅速释放案件争端均提交于国际海洋法法庭进行处理。航运业蓬勃发展的今天,船旗国船舶和海员被扣留国非法扣押的情况时有发生,其中涉及被滞留的海员权利得不到及时救济的问题。船旗国为了能够及时将本船海员解救出来,往往会与扣留国进行协商,协商不成则会提交法庭提起船员迅速释放程序,通过向扣留国提供保证金或者财产性担保,要求扣留国释放扣押船舶和被滞留的海员。因此,对于被滞留的海员的权利救济大多集中在法庭的迅速释放程序中。本文就以国际海洋法法庭为视角,以法庭的管辖权、法律的适用、程序的提起以及裁决的执行的问题探讨被滞留海员权利救济的法律问题。在确定法庭对案件是否具有管辖权问题上,法庭会与国际法院之间存在管辖权冲突,由于法庭与国际法院是平行并列的关系,相互之间不领导,不管制,所以在出现管辖权冲突的时候个别情况下会难以解决,导致解救海员的时间有所延长。在程序的启动上,存在着申请主体单一、申请条件有纰漏等问题;法庭审理案件时的法律的适用,存在着零散、缺乏具体的强制性规范等影响海员权利救济的因素;最后在裁决的执行方面,存在着对执行程序规定的立法空白现象,没有机构和法律规范对裁决执行进行监督和负责,使迅速释放程序成为有人判无人管的"救济"程序。这一系列的问题均会对被滞留海员的权利救济产生不良影响,需要我们分析并解决其中存在的问题,使海员的权利救济问题得以妥善解决。我国在"一带一路"海洋战略强国的政策带领下,正在从海运大国迈向海运强国。我们要了解掌握国际司法机构对海员权利救济问题的方式方法,通过比较研究来完善我国在这方面存在的不足,从而充分有效的保护我国海员权利,为海洋战略强国政策的良好发展贡献自己的力量。
[Abstract]:The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is a specialized court established under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to deal comprehensively with maritime disputes. Since its establishment in 1996, a total of 25 cases have been heard, 8 of which are prompt release procedures (see table), and in recent years disputes over prompt release have been referred to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. With the vigorous development of shipping industry, the illegal arrest of flag state ships and seafarers in the detained countries occurs from time to time, which involves the problem that the rights of stranded seafarers can not be promptly remedied. The flag State, in order to be able to rescue the seafarers of the ship in a timely manner, often consults with the withholding State, or, failing such consultation, submits the matter to the Tribunal for the prompt release of the crew, by providing a bond or property guarantee to the withholding State, To demand the release of the detained ship and the detained seafarer. As a result, relief to stranded seafarers is mostly concentrated in the court's prompt release procedure. From the perspective of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, this paper discusses the legal issues of the relief of the rights of detained seafarers from the point of view of the jurisdiction of the Tribunal, the application of the law, the initiation of procedures and the enforcement of decisions. There will be a conflict of jurisdiction between the Tribunal and the International Court of Justice in determining whether the Tribunal has jurisdiction over the case, since the Tribunal is parallel to the International Court of Justice and does not lead one another, regardless of system, Therefore, in case of jurisdiction conflict, it will be difficult to solve in some cases, leading to the prolongation of the time of rescuing seafarers. In the start of procedure, there are some problems such as single application subject and flawed application conditions, the application of the law in court cases is scattered, the lack of specific mandatory norms and other factors affecting the seafarer's right relief; Finally, in the aspect of enforcement, there is a legislative gap in the enforcement procedure, and there is no organization or legal norm to supervise and be responsible for the execution of the award, so that the prompt release procedure becomes a "remedy" procedure which is ruled unattended by some people. This series of problems will have a negative impact on the right relief of the stranded seafarers. It is necessary for us to analyze and solve the existing problems, so that the right relief problem of seafarers can be properly solved. Under the policy of "Belt and Road" maritime strategic power, China is changing from a maritime power to a maritime power. We should understand the ways and means of mastering the remedies of international judicial institutions to seafarers' rights, and improve the shortcomings of our country in this respect through comparative studies, so as to fully and effectively protect the rights of seafarers in our country. To contribute their own strength to the good development of marine strategic power policy.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D993.5

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