WTO国民待遇原则在《TBT协定》适用中的新发展

发布时间：2018-06-30 03:35

本文选题：国民待遇原则 + 《TBT协定》第条第款　；参考：《法学论坛》2017年02期

【摘要】：由于《TBT协定》中缺少类似《GATT1994》第20条的一般例外规定,因此上诉机构对该协定第2条第1款国民待遇原则"不低于待遇"要求的判定适用了合法监管区分例外标准,以维护成员方的监管自主权。根据该标准,如果技术法规对进口产品造成的不利影响完全源于合法监管区分,那么该法规就不构成对"不低于待遇"要求的违反。然而,合法监管区分例外标准能否真正保障成员方的监管自主权值得怀疑,因为该标准不但本身存在模糊和矛盾之处,其与《GATT1994》第3条第4款和第20条的适用法理也不尽相同,从而会导致成员方就同一事项在不同条款下享有不同监管自主空间。我国宜在今后TBT案件的参与策略和技术法规的制定两方面着手应对合法监管区分例外标准。
[Abstract]:Since the TBT Agreement lacks a general exception similar to article 20 of the Agreement, the appellate body applied the criterion of legal regulatory distinction exception to the requirement of "no less than treatment" for the principle of national treatment in article 2, paragraph 1, of the Agreement, To safeguard the members of the regulatory autonomy. According to the standard, if the adverse effects of technical regulations on imported products are entirely due to legal regulatory distinctions, the regulations do not constitute a violation of the "no less treatment" requirement. However, it is doubtful whether the criterion of exception to the legal regulatory distinction can really guarantee the regulatory autonomy of the members, because it is not only vague and contradictory in itself, but also different from the applicable jurisprudence of Article 3, paragraph 4, and Article 20 of GATT1994. As a result, members will enjoy different regulatory autonomy on the same matter under different terms. Our country should deal with the exception standard of legal supervision in two aspects: the participation strategy of TBT cases and the formulation of technical regulations in the future.
【作者单位】：厦门大学法学院;
【分类号】：D996.1

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