论国家管辖豁免中“商业交易”行为的认定

发布时间：2018-06-30 05:27

本文选题：国家管辖豁免 + 绝对豁免　；参考：《首都经济贸易大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：国家及其财产享有管辖豁免是当今国际法学界一个重要而又复杂的理论与实践问题。之所以重要是因为该问题关乎国家利益，之所以复杂是因为国家管辖豁免存在绝对豁免原则和相对豁免原则的对立，以及如何认定相对豁免，仍然迷雾重重。国家管辖豁免牵涉到一个国家的主权问题，对于国家发展对外经济影响重大。随着国际经济贸易的发展，国家豁免问题的重要意义日益凸显。本文主要研究国家及其财产管辖豁免中“商业交易”行为的认定问题。文章第一部分论述了国家及其财产管辖豁免存在的两种原则，即绝对豁免原则和限制豁免原则。无论从国际社会立法，还是从各国国内立法与实践来看，限制豁免已经成为当今国家及其财产管辖豁免的主流。何谓限制豁免，在哪些方面进行限制，国际立法和国内立法还是有区别的，但只有商业例外得到了普遍认可。商业例外指的是对于国家的商业交易行为不应当给予国家管辖豁免，但判定商业交易行为的标准需要具体分析。文章第二部分结合理论与实践，采用比较分析方法、案例分析方法等方法具体分析了商业例外的范围和认定标准。对于商业例外的范围，应该采取定义法与列举法相结合，对于商业例外的认定标准，应以行为的性质为主要判断标准，并辅之以考虑目的。文章第三部分根据我国的立法现状、司法实践，深入分析了我国对国家管辖豁免问题的立场：一方面在立法中出现了限制豁免的趋势，另一方面在实践中仍采取绝对豁免。同时，结合当前国际形势，分析了我国由于国家管辖豁免立法缺失所面临的挑战，提出了向限制豁免转变是发展的必然趋势。文章第四部分根据当前我国在国家管辖豁免问题上存在的不足与困境，提出转变立场、完善相关立法以及设置专门机构势在必行。并根据我国国情，，提出切实可行的立法建议。认为在国家豁免立法中商业例外制度应包括商业行为定义、商业行为的判断标准、商业例外条款三方面内容。
[Abstract]:The jurisdictional immunities of the State and its property is an important and complicated theory and practice problem in the international law field nowadays . It is important because the problem is related to the national interests . It is complicated because of the opposite of the principle of absolute immunity and the principle of relative immunity and how to determine the relative immunity . The State ' s jurisdictional immunities involve the sovereignty of a country , which is of great importance to the development of the country . With the development of international economic and trade , the important significance of the problem of State immunity is increasingly prominent .

The first part of this paper deals with the two principles of jurisdictional immunities of the state and its property , namely , the principle of absolute immunity and the principle of limitation of immunity .

The second part of this article combines theory and practice , uses comparative analysis method , case analysis method and so on to analyze the scope and identification standard of business exceptions .

In the third part , according to the current situation of legislation and judicial practice of our country , this article deeply analyzes our country ' s position on the immunity of national jurisdiction : on the one hand , there is a trend of restraining immunity in legislation , on the other hand , absolute immunity is still taken in practice . At the same time , according to the current international situation , this article analyses the challenge that our country faces because of the lack of national jurisdiction immunity legislation .

In the fourth part , according to the shortcomings and difficulties of our country ' s immunity in national jurisdiction , this article puts forward some feasible legislative suggestions according to our country ' s national conditions . It is believed that the commercial exceptional system in the national immunity legislation should include the definition of business behavior , the judgment standard of commercial behavior , and the three aspects of commercial exceptional clause .
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D992

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