WTO裁决执行审查程序的法律与实践

发布时间：2018-06-30 09:14

本文选题：WTO + 裁决执行　；参考：《山西大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为多边贸易体制的核心,世界贸易组织的争端解决机制在取得许多国家信任的同时成为解决国际贸易争端的重要支柱。然而,争端解决的关键是其裁决能否得到有效执行。在裁决执行的监督方面,执行审查程序发挥着重要作用,并在争端解决实践中得到广泛运用。入世以来,中国在WTO申诉和被诉的案件呈现逐渐增加的趋势。无论是作为申诉方还是被诉方,都面临执行WTO争端解决机构的裁决的问题。因此,对执行审查程序进行深入研究,对我国合理利用WTO争端解决机制具有非常重要的现实意义。本文运用案例分析、比较分析、文献分析等方法,以《关于争端解决规则和程序的谅解》的相关规定为基础,通过对进入执行审查程序的案件进行详细分析,结合专家组和上诉机构的报告,阐释《关于争端解决规则和程序的谅解》关于执行审查程序的规定,指出执行审查程序存在的问题并提出解决问题的方案,以期为我国将来参与类似的WTO执行争端实践提供指导。论文除引言和结论外,分三个部分。第一部分为执行审查程序概述,包括其产生、特点及意义。乌拉圭回合之前,并不重视争端裁决的执行问题,只是在个案中对执行建议或裁决进行审查,而没有遵守的程序。因此,执行审查程序是WTO争端解决机制的创新。与普通程序相比,该程序不仅具有快捷性的特点,而且没有执行的合理期限。就其意义而言,该程序一方面有利于加速DSB建议或裁决的执行,同时有利于维护经济小国和发展中国家的利益。第二部分以执行专家组和上诉机构的报告为基础,探讨执行审查程序中涉及的主要法律问题,具体包括：提起该程序的当事人资格、提起执行审查程序的时间、执行专家组的职责和审查范围、执行审查程序中的磋商和上诉问题,以及《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》中第21.5条与22.6条的先后顺序等。第三部分分析执行审查程序存在的问题并提出相应的解决对策。作者首先分析执行审查程序存在的问题,包括提起该程序的当事人资格不明确、提起时间规定不明、专家组的职责和审查范围模糊、磋商是否前置不明以及《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》中第21.5条与22.6条在适用过程中的先后顺序存在矛盾。针对上述问题,作者提出,应进一步明确《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》对执行审查程序的规定。具体包括：明确原争端案件的胜诉方、败诉方及第三方提起该程序的资格；细化提起该程序的时间规定；磋商前置并规定严格的限制条件；在合理规划执行审查程序与授权报复程序的最大价值的基础上,把执行审查程序前置。
[Abstract]:As the core of the multilateral trading system, the dispute settlement mechanism of the World Trade Organization (WTO) has gained the trust of many countries and has become an important pillar of the settlement of international trade disputes. However, the key to dispute settlement is whether its ruling can be effectively implemented. Enforcement review procedure plays an important role in the supervision of award enforcement and is widely used in dispute settlement practice. Since China's entry into WTO, the number of cases appealed and sued in WTO has gradually increased. Both as the appellant and the respondent, they are faced with the problem of enforcing the WTO dispute settlement body's ruling. Therefore, it is of great practical significance for our country to make rational use of WTO dispute settlement mechanism. This paper uses the methods of case analysis, comparative analysis, literature analysis and so on. Based on the relevant provisions of the understanding on dispute settlement rules and procedures, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the cases entering the executive review procedure. Explaining the provisions of the understanding on rules and procedures for the settlement of disputes in connection with the reports of panels and appellate bodies on the implementation of review procedures, identifying problems in the implementation of the review procedures and proposing solutions to them, In order to provide guidance for China to participate in similar WTO implementation dispute practice. In addition to the introduction and conclusions, the paper is divided into three parts. The first part is an overview of the implementation review process, including its emergence, characteristics and significance. Prior to the Uruguay Round, no attention had been paid to the implementation of dispute awards, but only to the review of enforcement recommendations or awards in individual cases and not to the procedure followed. Therefore, the implementation review procedure is the innovation of WTO dispute settlement mechanism. Compared with the ordinary program, the program not only has the characteristics of quickness, but also has no reasonable time limit for execution. In its sense, the program helps speed up the implementation of DSB recommendations or rulings, while safeguarding the interests of small economies and developing countries. The second part, based on the reports of the enforcement panel and the appellate body, explores the main legal issues involved in the enforcement review process, including, in particular, the qualification of the party to initiate the proceedings and the timing of the initiation of the enforcement review procedure, To carry out the duties and scope of review of the panel, the consultation and appeal issues in the execution of the review procedure, and the order of articles 21.5 and 22.6 of the understanding on rules and procedures for dispute settlement, etc. The third part analyzes the problems existing in the executive review procedure and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures. The author first analyzes the problems existing in the implementation of the review procedure, including the unclear qualifications of the parties who initiated the procedure, the unclear timing of the proceedings, the ambiguity of the duties and scope of the panel of experts, It is not clear whether the consultation is prior or not, and there is a contradiction between articles 21.5 and 22.6 of the understanding on rules and procedures for dispute settlement in the course of application. In view of the above problems, the author suggests that the understanding on dispute settlement rules and procedures should be further clarified. It includes: clarifying the qualification of the winning party, the losing party and the third party of the original dispute case to initiate the procedure; Based on the rational planning of the maximum value of the executive review procedure and the authorized retaliation procedure, the execution review procedure is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1

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