论发展中国家身份定位对我国海洋权益维护的影响

发布时间：2018-07-07 13:56

本文选题：国家身份 + 发展中国家　；参考：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国是发展中的大国,也是大国中的发展中国家。这一自我定位深刻的影响了我国在国际社会的诸多立场。它一方面影响了我国参与《联合国海洋法公约》诞生的谈判,另一方面也带来了一些我国在维护自身海洋权益中遇到的问题。在这一过程里,既有成功的有益经验,也有失败的遗憾教训。本文以我国参与联合国第三次海洋法会议作为起点,分析了我国处于自身发展阶段与国际形势的因素,上世纪70年代我国将自身国家身份定位为发展中国家。在整个第三次联合国海洋法会议期间,发展中国家都发挥了建设性的作用,拥有实质上的最终表决通过的权利,可以说是我国在海洋法谈判过程中发挥发展中国家身份的有利条件一项成功的实践。但是我们也应当看到,《联合国海洋法公约》深刻影响了各国对自身海洋权益的维护,也充分注意到了内陆国等地理不利国的海洋权益,我国因海洋权益所起的争端越来越呈现出高发的态势。这一方面是因为在上世纪70年代我国老一辈的谈判代表与国家的决策层难以预料到我国之后经济的飞速发展,站在时际的角度或者是出于发展中国家内部团结的需要,没有充分表达我国与发展中国家在海洋权益维护方面一些不相一致的部分。另外,我国与西方国家之间在海洋权益的共同利益点呈现出日渐扩大的发展趋势,与主要的海洋大国之间呈现出了斗争与合作共存的发展态势。中国的崛起既面临着发达国家大肆渲染的"中国威胁论",也存在着发展中国家对于中国是否会成为"新殖民主义"代表的疑问。我国所提出的具有强大感召力的《和平共处五项原则》已经过去60余年,《联合国海洋法公约》在其签署通过之后还未进行过大规模的修订,仅在上世纪九十年代以联合国大会第48/263号决议的方式通过了《关于执行1982年12月10日联合国海洋法公约第十一部分的协定》。从时效性来看,如何处理21世纪我国与发展中国家之间在海洋权益维护方面的分歧,如何平衡崛起中国的道德感召力与实际国家利益是我国运用国际法在多方面服务国家决策的大有可为之地。本文选取了国家利益中的海洋权益作为研究对象,重点分析了发展中国家身份对我国海洋权益维护的影响。随着综合国力的提高,如何以负责任的大国的新国家身份参与到海洋法规则的制定与维护中,是我国在发展过程中,面临的亟待解决的问题之一。本文梳理了第三次联合国海洋法会议期间,发展中国家坚持并得到最终通过一些主张,回顾了我国在实践过程中与发展中国家立场比较一致的具体事件,通过理论与实践相结合的方式肯定发展中国身份带来一些正面作用。此外,本文还分析发展中国家的主张中对我国可能产生不利影响的一些内容,最后一部分则立足于我国国家身份的转变,对我国在新形势下的海洋权益维护提出了若干建议。
[Abstract]:China is a developing country as well as a developing country. This self-positioning has profoundly affected our country's many positions in the international community. On the one hand, it affects China's participation in the negotiation of the birth of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, on the other hand, it also brings about some problems that China has encountered in safeguarding its maritime rights and interests. In this process, there are both the beneficial experience of success and the regret of failure. Taking China's participation in the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea as the starting point, this paper analyzes the factors that our country is in its own stage of development and international situation. In the 1970s, China positioned itself as a developing country. Throughout the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, developing States have played a constructive role in the right to a substantive final vote, It is a successful practice for China to develop its status as a developing country in the negotiation of the law of the sea. However, we should also note that the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea has had a profound impact on the protection of States' maritime rights and interests, and that they have paid due attention to the maritime rights and interests of geographically disadvantaged States, such as landlocked countries, The disputes arising from the rights and interests of the sea in our country are showing a trend of high incidence more and more. On the one hand, this is because in the 1970s, China's older generation of negotiators and policy makers could not predict the rapid economic development after China, standing in an intertemporal perspective or out of the need for unity within the developing countries. Not enough to express that China and developing countries in marine rights and interests in the protection of some parts of the inconsistent. In addition, the common interests of our country and western countries in marine rights and interests show a growing trend of development, and there is a trend of struggle and cooperation between China and the major marine powers. The rise of China is faced with the "China threat theory", which is widely promoted by developed countries, and the question of whether China will be the representative of "neocolonialism" in developing countries. More than 60 years have passed since the five principles of peaceful coexistence, which are powerful and inspiring, have been put forward by my country. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea has not been amended on a large scale since its signing and adoption. The Agreement relating to the implementation of part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 was adopted only in the 1990s by General Assembly resolution 48 / 263. From the point of view of timeliness, how to deal with the differences between China and developing countries in the protection of maritime rights and interests in the 21st century, How to balance the moral appeal of rising China with the actual national interests is a promising place for our country to use international law to serve the country in many aspects. In this paper, the marine rights and interests in the national interests are selected as the research object, and the impact of the status of developing countries on the protection of marine rights and interests in China is analyzed. With the improvement of the comprehensive national strength, how to participate in the formulation and maintenance of the law of the sea rules as a responsible big country is one of the problems to be solved urgently in the course of our country's development. In this paper, during the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, developing countries insisted on and finally adopted some propositions, and reviewed the specific events in which China's position was more consistent with that of developing countries in the course of practice. Through the combination of theory and practice, the development of Chinese identity will bring some positive effects. In addition, this paper also analyzes some contents of developing countries' claims that may have a negative impact on our country. The last part is based on the transformation of China's national identity, and puts forward some suggestions for the protection of marine rights and interests in China under the new situation.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D993.5

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