尼罗河水资源争端解决机制研究

发布时间：2018-07-20 13:32

【摘要】：在两个或两个以上国家共有同一个淡水河流、淡水湖或地下水层的情况下,相关国家就水资源的争端很难得到有效解决。近年来,随着全球性用水危机的加剧,关于跨界淡水资源的纠纷进一步突显。本文在解析出尼罗河水资源争端的实质的基础上,分析了关于尼罗河水资源国际条约的效力问题,重点关注了国际河流争端解决机制以及其他国际河流争端有效解决的实践在尼罗河争端中的应用。试图为解决尼罗河水资源争端提供一些法学理论支撑。长期以来,尼罗河流域国家在如何合理分配和利用尼罗河水资源的问题上一直争论不休。本文认为,其实质在于尼罗河各流域国出于本国利益的考虑,对水资源权产生的不同解读。解决尼罗河水资源争端,首先要解决两个的法律问题,水资源权和尼罗河水资源条约的效力。本文认为,上下游国家坚持的绝对领土主权和绝对领土完整主权理论始终在解决争端中扮演着绊脚石的角色,应该摒弃。而国际河流中的有限领土主权和利益共享理论对解决争端有着积极的意义。关于尼罗河水资源的条约的制定分为三个时期:依据条约继承“白板原则”,相关国家有权主张不履行殖民时期的条约规定的义务;后殖民时期,上游国家没有签署任何一个与下游国家有关尼罗河水资源的协议,1959年的协定的效力只对签约国即埃及和苏丹有约束力;2010年的《尼罗河合作框架协议》基于同样的原因,不能对下游国家产生约束力。若试图解决争端,就必须制定出一个包括所有流域国在内的水资源分配协议。尼罗河流域国为解决争端付出了大量努力,但成效甚微。在国际上,国际河流争端解决机制强调国家行为应遵循国际社会主导的政治以及法律原则。在争端发生后,国际上有着大量成熟有效的争端解决案例可供争端方根据现实情况进行借鉴。《国际河流利用规则》和《国际水道非航行适用法公约》等国际水法的文件为解决国际河流争端提供了法律基础。尽管由于各国际河流的具体情况千差万别,国际水法并不能在国际河流争端中得到普遍适用,我们仍可以在其基本原则的指导下,找到解决措施。
[Abstract]:In the case of the same freshwater river, freshwater lake or groundwater layer in two or more countries and more than two countries, the disputes on water resources are difficult to be solved effectively. In recent years, with the intensification of the global water crisis, the dispute about the transboundary freshwater resources is further highlighted. This article is an analysis of the real water resources dispute in the Nile River. On the basis of quality, this paper analyzes the effectiveness of the international treaty on the Nile River water resources, focusing on the application of the international river dispute settlement mechanism and the effective settlement of other international river disputes in the Nile dispute, trying to provide some legal theoretical support for the settlement of the Nile water dispute.
For a long time, the Nile River Basin countries have been arguing about how to rationally allocate and utilize the Nile water resources. The essence of this article is that the Nile Valley countries have different interpretations of the right to water resources for the sake of their own interests.
In order to solve the Nile water resource dispute, it is necessary to solve the two legal issues, the right of water resources and the validity of the Nile water resource treaty. This article holds that the theory of absolute territorial sovereignty and absolute territorial integrity of the upper and lower countries has always played a stumbling block in the settlement of disputes and should be abandoned. The theory of territorial sovereignty and interest sharing has positive significance to the settlement of disputes. The formulation of the Nile River water resources treaty is divided into three periods: according to the treaty, the "white board principle" is inherited by the treaty, and the relevant countries have the right to claim the obligations under the Treaty of the colonial period; in the post colonial period, the upstream countries did not sign any one and the lower reaches. The national agreement on the Nile water resources, the validity of the 1959 agreement is binding only on the contracting countries, namely, Egypt and Sultan, and the 2010 Nile cooperation framework agreement, based on the same reasons, can not be binding on the downstream countries. If the dispute is tried to solve the dispute, a water resource, including all the basin countries, must be developed. Match the agreement.
The Nile River Basin countries have made great efforts to solve the dispute, but have little effect. In international, the international river dispute settlement mechanism emphasizes that state behavior should follow the political and legal principles dominated by the international community. After the dispute, there are a large number of mature and effective dispute settlement cases in the world. Draw lessons from.
International water law documents, such as the international rules for the use of rivers and the International Water Law Convention on the law of the non navigation of international watercourses, provide the legal basis for the settlement of international river disputes. Although the international water law is not universally applicable in international river disputes, we can still refer to the basic principles of international rivers, although the specific circumstances of the international rivers can not be widely applied in the international river disputes. Guide, find the solution.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.9

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