水下文化遗产的国际法保护研究
发布时间：2018-07-25 15:20
【摘要】：水下文化遗产是古代人类智慧的结晶,是过去对现代的赠礼,具有重要的历史和考古价值。近年来,随着科技的不断发展,人类对海洋资源开发利用越来越深入的同时,水下文化遗产也遭受了各种威胁和破坏。如商业性开发和各种“无意中影响水下文化遗产的活动”等,这引起了国际社会的普遍关注。为了更有效的保护世界水下文化遗产,有关国家和国际组织在现有国际法的基础上,积极推动制定新公约,《保护水下文化遗产公约》便是在这种背景下产生的。2001年11月2日联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)第31届全体大会上正式通过了迄今为止第一份专门保护水下文化遗产的国际公约——《保护水下文化遗产公约》。公约的通过为国际社会保护水下文化遗产提供了法律依据,有助于遏制日益猖獗的水下文化遗产走私。 中国作为世界上主要的水下文化遗产国,一向关注对其的保护,已于1989年10月20日正式颁布了《中华人民共和国水下文物保护管理条例》。但由于长期没有修订,该《条例》已经不能适应实践发展的需要,亟需参照相关国际公约予以完善。本文在写作过程中列举了不少的规范性法律证实所论述的观点并举例说明,采用了例证研究方法；对水下文化遗产保护存在的问题和提出解决建议时采用了分析与综合的方法。文章共分引言、正文和结论三部分,正文部分由五章组成。第一章对了水下文化遗产做了一般性的分析,主要揭示其概念、一般特征及保护水下文化遗产的必要性；第二章从国际层面阐述了水下文化遗产保护的相关立法实践,主要分析了1982年《联合国海洋法公约》、1989年《国际救助公约》和2001年《保护水下文化遗产公约》；第三章介绍了水下文化遗产保护的争议焦点,主要从所有权争议、管辖权争议分析水下文化遗产的权属及管辖；第四章从国际社会层面简单介绍如何完善水下文化遗产保护,主要从完善水下文化遗产相关争议的解决和2001年《公约》角度予以说明；第五章结合我国水下文物现状及相关立法浅谈了如何完善立法、加强国际合作,保护我国水下文化遗产。
[Abstract]:Underwater cultural heritage is the crystallization of ancient human wisdom, is the gift of the past to modern, has important historical and archaeological value. In recent years, with the continuous development of science and technology, the exploitation and utilization of marine resources are becoming more and more in-depth. At the same time, underwater cultural heritage has been threatened and destroyed. For example, commercial exploitation and various activities that unintentionally affect underwater cultural heritage have aroused the widespread concern of the international community. In order to protect the underwater cultural heritage of the world more effectively, the States and international organizations concerned build on existing international law, It is against this background that the Convention for the Protection of the underwater Cultural Heritage has emerged. On November 2, 2001, the 31st (UNESCO) Plenary Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) formally adopted the first special protection to date. International Convention for the Protection of underwater Cultural Heritage-Convention for the Protection of underwater Cultural Heritage. The adoption of the Convention provides a legal basis for the international community to protect underwater cultural heritage and helps to curb the increasingly rampant smuggling of underwater cultural heritage. As the main underwater cultural heritage country in the world, China has always paid attention to the protection of underwater cultural relics, and has officially promulgated the regulations of the people's Republic of China on the Protection of underwater Cultural relics on October 20, 1989. However, due to the lack of revision for a long time, the regulations can no longer meet the needs of the development of practice and need to be perfected with reference to relevant international conventions. In the course of writing, this paper enumerates many standardised points of view and illustrates by examples, adopts the method of illustrative research, and analyzes and synthesizes the problems existing in the protection of underwater cultural heritage and puts forward some suggestions for solving them. The article is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The text is composed of five chapters. The first chapter makes a general analysis of underwater cultural heritage, mainly reveals its concept, general characteristics and the necessity of protecting underwater cultural heritage. Chapter two expounds the relevant legislative practice of underwater cultural heritage protection from the international level. This paper mainly analyzes the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the 1989 Convention on International Rescue and the 2001 Convention on the Protection of underwater Cultural Heritage. Chapter four briefly introduces how to perfect the protection of underwater cultural heritage from the aspect of international society. From the angle of perfecting the dispute settlement of underwater cultural heritage and the 2001 Convention, the fifth chapter briefly discusses how to perfect the legislation and strengthen the international cooperation by combining the present situation and related legislation of underwater cultural relics in our country. To protect our underwater cultural heritage.
【学位授予单位】：安徽财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D993.5
本文编号：2144227
[Abstract]:Underwater cultural heritage is the crystallization of ancient human wisdom, is the gift of the past to modern, has important historical and archaeological value. In recent years, with the continuous development of science and technology, the exploitation and utilization of marine resources are becoming more and more in-depth. At the same time, underwater cultural heritage has been threatened and destroyed. For example, commercial exploitation and various activities that unintentionally affect underwater cultural heritage have aroused the widespread concern of the international community. In order to protect the underwater cultural heritage of the world more effectively, the States and international organizations concerned build on existing international law, It is against this background that the Convention for the Protection of the underwater Cultural Heritage has emerged. On November 2, 2001, the 31st (UNESCO) Plenary Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) formally adopted the first special protection to date. International Convention for the Protection of underwater Cultural Heritage-Convention for the Protection of underwater Cultural Heritage. The adoption of the Convention provides a legal basis for the international community to protect underwater cultural heritage and helps to curb the increasingly rampant smuggling of underwater cultural heritage. As the main underwater cultural heritage country in the world, China has always paid attention to the protection of underwater cultural relics, and has officially promulgated the regulations of the people's Republic of China on the Protection of underwater Cultural relics on October 20, 1989. However, due to the lack of revision for a long time, the regulations can no longer meet the needs of the development of practice and need to be perfected with reference to relevant international conventions. In the course of writing, this paper enumerates many standardised points of view and illustrates by examples, adopts the method of illustrative research, and analyzes and synthesizes the problems existing in the protection of underwater cultural heritage and puts forward some suggestions for solving them. The article is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The text is composed of five chapters. The first chapter makes a general analysis of underwater cultural heritage, mainly reveals its concept, general characteristics and the necessity of protecting underwater cultural heritage. Chapter two expounds the relevant legislative practice of underwater cultural heritage protection from the international level. This paper mainly analyzes the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the 1989 Convention on International Rescue and the 2001 Convention on the Protection of underwater Cultural Heritage. Chapter four briefly introduces how to perfect the protection of underwater cultural heritage from the aspect of international society. From the angle of perfecting the dispute settlement of underwater cultural heritage and the 2001 Convention, the fifth chapter briefly discusses how to perfect the legislation and strengthen the international cooperation by combining the present situation and related legislation of underwater cultural relics in our country. To protect our underwater cultural heritage.
【学位授予单位】：安徽财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D993.5
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