《国际商事合同2004》中代理制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-28 08:13

【摘要】：代理制度是市场经济发展到一定阶段的产物,它解决了人们在交易活动中因事事躬亲的限制而造成的交易困难,极大的延伸了市场主体的活动能力,降低了交易成本。现在代理活动的范围已不再局限于某一国或者某一领域而是扩展到整个国际社会的方方面面,代理制度已然在国内外扮演重要的角色,其已成为人们交易活动的工具,成为人们从事社会交往必不可少的手段。随着市场经济的发展,代理制度必将在更大范围、更广领域、更高层级内有所突破。代理活动既然已经突破一国地域限制,必然需要具有统一性质的国际规则对此加以调整,《国际商事合同通则2004》(简称《通则2004》)中的代理制度正是国际统一私法协会为适应国际经济活动的发展而对《国际商事合同通则1994》进行修订后新增的内容。1994年颁布的《国际商事合同通则》并没有规定代理制度,但随着代理活动在广度和深度上的发展,规则的制定者们意识到这一问题已经迫在眉睫,便集合各方组织、专家及学者对此一问题加以研究并制定出了符合国际商事交易要求的代理规则,具有重要的理论和现实意义。以一种示范法、统一规则及国际重述方式存在的《通则2004》,必将有利于其代理制度在国际社会的普及及发展。本文研究的重点即为《通则2004》中新增的代理条款,通过对相关条文分门别类的整合、分析,通过研究不同学者对相关问题的不同见解,同时通过比较其与我国现存代理规定的异同,对同一问题从不同角度加以阐释,从而为完善我国代理制度增砖添瓦。本文一共分为三个部分：第一部分介绍了《通则2004》中有关代理的基础性问题,介绍了代理的内部关系与外部关系,介绍了代理权的产生、确定、范围及代理权的终止、代理行为的范围,并介绍了一种代理分类的情形——公开被代理人身份的代理及未公开被代理人身份的代理。第二部分介绍了《通则2004》中的无权代理问题,主要包括狭义无权代理中各方当事人的权责、狭义无权代理的法律效果。此外,介绍了表见代理,即表见代理的理论基础和信赖基础。第三部分介绍了《通则2004》中的利益冲突和复代理问题。利益冲突问题主要涉及利益冲突的类型以及效力,复代理则主要涉及复代理的特点及复任权问题。
[Abstract]:Agency system is the product of the development of market economy to a certain stage, it solves the transaction difficulties caused by the restrictions of hands-on in the trading activities, greatly extends the activity ability of the main body of the market, and reduces the transaction cost. At present, the scope of agency activities is no longer limited to a certain country or field, but to all aspects of the entire international community, the agency system has played an important role at home and abroad, it has become a tool for people to trade. Become a necessary means for people to engage in social intercourse. With the development of market economy, the agency system will break through in a wider range, a wider field and a higher level. Since agency activities have broken through the territorial restrictions of a country, It is inevitable that international rules of a uniform nature should be adjusted. The agency system in the General principles of International Commercial contracts 2004 (abbreviated as "General principles 2004") is exactly what the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (Unidroit) has done to adapt to the development of international economic activities. General principles of Commercial contracts 1994 > contents added after revision. The General principles of International Commercial contracts promulgated in 1994 did not provide for the agency system. But with the breadth and depth of agency activity growing, the rule-setters realized that the problem was imminent and brought together the various organizations. Experts and scholars have studied this problem and worked out agency rules that meet the requirements of international commercial transactions, which has important theoretical and practical significance. The existence of "General Rule 2004" in a model law, uniform rules and international restatement will be conducive to the popularization and development of its agency system in the international community. The emphasis of this paper is the new agency clause in General Rule 2004. Through the integration and analysis of the relevant articles, the author studies the different opinions of different scholars on the related issues. At the same time, by comparing its similarities and differences with the existing agency regulations in China, the same problem is explained from different angles, so as to add bricks and tiles to the perfection of our country's agency system. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part introduces the basic issues of agency in "General principles 2004", introduces the internal and external relations of agency, introduces the emergence and determination of agency right. The scope and the termination of the power of agency, the scope of the agency act, and the situation of a kind of agent classification, that is, the agent who discloses the identity of the principal and the agent who does not disclose the identity of the principal, is introduced. The second part introduces the problem of unauthorized agency in General principles 2004, mainly including the rights and responsibilities of the parties in the narrow sense of unauthorized agency, and the legal effect of narrow sense of unauthorized agency. In addition, the paper introduces the theoretical basis and trust basis of apparent agency. The third part introduces the conflict of interest and the problem of complex agency in General principles 2004. Conflict of interest is mainly concerned with the type and effectiveness of conflict of interest, while compound agency is mainly concerned with the characteristics and the right of reinstatement.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D997.1

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