发展中国家实施农业补贴的法律障碍及解除
发布时间：2018-08-16 09:30
【摘要】：农业补贴在国际贸易发展中起着越来越重要的作用,而对于农业补贴的法律规定较为全面的就是《乌拉圭回合农业协定》(简称《农业协定》),但是这一协定是以发达国家继续维持其巨额农业补贴为前提形成的,因此,该规定使得在具体实践中发达国家与发展中国家法律地位不平等,发展中国家的利益无法保护。由于政治、历史等原因,发达国家与发展中国家的国内农业补贴法律发展不尽相同,发达国家相对较为完善,而发展中国家则较为落后,对于农业大国的我国来说则也处于起步阶段,还存在很多不足和需要改进的地方,因此,分析发达国家的农业补贴法律规则的优点以及发展中国家的缺陷,对以后发展中国家农业补贴法律制度的建立以及在WTO农业补贴法律体制下共同应对发达国家的压制提供理论基础和指导意见,对我国农业补贴的发展也将有很深的意义和影响。 除引言和结论外,本文分为五部分。 第一部分,分析WTO框架下农业补贴的含义,说明研究农业补贴的必要性,并阐述农业补贴法律制度的产生过程。首先农业补贴是政府或任何政府机构在农业生产、农产品流通和农业贸易活动中所提供的并能够为接受者带来某种优惠的财政资助以及其他形式的收入以及价格支持。然后提出研究农业补贴的必要性,研究农业补贴是关系到—国经济乃至政治的重要议题。最后总结出农业补贴的发展历程,从产生到目前的发展状况。 第二部分,借由发达国家和发展中国家的农业补贴政策以及多哈回合谈判各国的主张来分析现今国际上农业补贴的发展现状,以及未来的发展趋势。首先明确了WTO《农业协议》对于农业补贴的相关具体规定；其次,分别阐述了主要发达国家和发展中国家的农业补贴法律现状,发达国家以美国、日本和欧盟为主,阐述其国内完备的农业补贴法律体系以及在农业补贴谈判中的各自立场,发展中国家主要以巴西、印度和中国为例,阐述发展中国家在相较于发达国家之下的不足和落后之处；最后,阐述了农业补贴的未来发展趋势,包括多哈回合谈判中关于农业补贴的争议以及对于该争议产生的影响,并对农业补贴在未来的发展趋势进行大胆预测。 第三部分,对于发展中国家在农业谈判中的不公平对待,提出发展中国家在此问题中的困境所在,以及造成这一困境的原因,是本文的主要内容。发达国家和发展中国家对于农业补贴存在着很大的争议,其原因是多方面的,这部分主要分析了发达国家和发展中国家分歧的原因所在,及提出发展中国家在农业谈判中的困境所在。 第四部分,对于前一部分提出的发展中国家困境提出解决的方法,是本文的亮点所在,对于发展中国家今后的发展提出本人的一些建议和设想。发展中国家可以通过加强自身立法完善、以及对农产品的直接补贴规定、且可以通过联合发展中国家集团力量共同应对,还可以通过提高发展中国家的反补贴应诉能力,提高各种力量,共同争取发展中国家在谈判中的利益。 最后一部分,针对国际上发展中国家以及发达国家的经验,对我国目前的农业补贴制度提出问题并解决问题。我国既是发展中国家又是农业大国,在农业补贴方面的发展具有典型代表意义,而我国农业补贴的发展存在很多不足,原因有很多方面,本部分分析了我国农业补贴的缺陷,并相对应的提出解决建议。 发达国家“利”字当先,尽管在国际压力之下做出让步,但也是为了进一步撬开发展中国家的市场,《农业协定》的规定也对发展中国家很不公平,发展中国家农业补贴的利益被忽略和践踏,无人保护,因此,应该联合起来共同为改变这些不公平的协议做出努力,要求发达国家取消对农产品的补贴和对发展中国家的倾销,农业补贴是多哈回合谈判中分歧最大的领域,因此,解决好这一问题,是关系着谈判能否成功的关键因素,对WTO农业补贴规则的研究就显得尤为重要。 我国加入世贸组织后,也应时刻与国际接轨,关于农业补贴问题也存在着诸多的不足和缺陷,本文对我国存在的问题提出几点建议,为我国逐步符合WTO《农业协议》规则和建立完善的农业补贴法律制度做出贡献。
[Abstract]:Agricultural subsidies play an increasingly important role in the development of international trade, and the more comprehensive legal provisions for agricultural subsidies are the "Uruguay Round Agriculture Agreement" (referred to as the "Agriculture Agreement"), but this agreement is formed on the premise that the developed countries continue to maintain their huge agricultural subsidies, therefore, the provisions make it concrete and practical. In practice, the legal status of developed and developing countries is unequal, and the interests of developing countries can not be protected. Due to political and historical reasons, the domestic agricultural subsidy laws of developed and developing countries are not the same, the developed countries are relatively perfect, while the developing countries are relatively backward, for China, a large agricultural country. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the agricultural subsidy laws and regulations of developed countries and the defects of developing countries, and to provide for the establishment of the legal system of agricultural subsidy in developing countries in the future and to jointly cope with the oppression of developed countries under the WTO legal system of agricultural subsidy. The theoretical basis and guidance will also have profound significance and impact on the development of China's agricultural subsidies.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into five parts.
The first part analyzes the meaning of agricultural subsidy under the WTO framework, explains the necessity of studying agricultural subsidy, and expounds the process of the legal system of agricultural subsidy. Secondly, the necessity of studying agricultural subsidy is put forward. The study of agricultural subsidy is an important issue related to the economy and even politics of a country. Finally, the development process of agricultural subsidy is summarized, from its emergence to the present situation of development.
The second part analyzes the current situation and future development trend of agricultural subsidy in the world by referring to the agricultural subsidy policies of developed and developing countries and the opinions of the countries in the Doha Round negotiations. The current situation of agricultural subsidy laws in both countries and developing countries is described. The developed countries, mainly the United States, Japan and the European Union, expound their own complete legal system of agricultural subsidy and their respective positions in the negotiations on agricultural subsidy. The developing countries, taking Brazil, India and China as examples, expound that the developing countries are under the developed countries. Finally, the paper expounds the future development trend of agricultural subsidies, including the disputes on agricultural subsidies in the Doha Round negotiations and their impact on the disputes, and makes bold predictions on the future development trend of agricultural subsidies.
The third part is about the unfair treatment of the developing countries in the agricultural negotiations, the predicament of the developing countries in this issue, and the reasons for this predicament, which is the main content of this paper. This paper analyzes the causes of the differences between developed and developing countries, and puts forward the difficulties of developing countries in agricultural negotiations.
In the fourth part, the author puts forward some suggestions and ideas for the future development of developing countries. Developing countries can improve their own legislation and direct subsidy provisions for agricultural products, and can be issued jointly. The group of developing countries can jointly cope with the situation, and can also enhance the countervailing capacity of developing countries, enhance various forces, and jointly strive for the interests of developing countries in the negotiations.
In the last part, according to the experience of developing countries and developed countries in the world, we put forward some problems and solve them. China is both a developing country and a big agricultural country. The development of agricultural subsidy in China has typical representative significance. However, there are many shortcomings in the development of agricultural subsidy in China. In many respects, this part analyzes the defects of China's agricultural subsidies, and puts forward corresponding solutions.
Despite concessions under international pressure, developed countries have made concessions to further exploit the markets of developing countries. The provisions of the Agricultural Agreement are also unfair to developing countries. The interests of agricultural subsidies in developing countries are neglected and trampled on, and no one protects them. Therefore, joint efforts should be made to change these problems. Unfair agreements require developed countries to cancel subsidies to agricultural products and dumping on developing countries. Agricultural subsidies are the most divisive areas in the Doha Round negotiations. Therefore, a good solution to this problem is a key factor to the success of the negotiations, and it is particularly important to study the rules of WTO agricultural subsidies.
After China's accession to the WTO, it should always be in line with the international standards. There are also many shortcomings and defects in the issue of agricultural subsidies. This paper puts forward some suggestions on the existing problems in China, which will contribute to China's gradual compliance with the WTO Agricultural Agreement and the establishment of a sound legal system of agricultural subsidies.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1;D912.4;F320
本文编号：2185582
[Abstract]:Agricultural subsidies play an increasingly important role in the development of international trade, and the more comprehensive legal provisions for agricultural subsidies are the "Uruguay Round Agriculture Agreement" (referred to as the "Agriculture Agreement"), but this agreement is formed on the premise that the developed countries continue to maintain their huge agricultural subsidies, therefore, the provisions make it concrete and practical. In practice, the legal status of developed and developing countries is unequal, and the interests of developing countries can not be protected. Due to political and historical reasons, the domestic agricultural subsidy laws of developed and developing countries are not the same, the developed countries are relatively perfect, while the developing countries are relatively backward, for China, a large agricultural country. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the agricultural subsidy laws and regulations of developed countries and the defects of developing countries, and to provide for the establishment of the legal system of agricultural subsidy in developing countries in the future and to jointly cope with the oppression of developed countries under the WTO legal system of agricultural subsidy. The theoretical basis and guidance will also have profound significance and impact on the development of China's agricultural subsidies.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into five parts.
The first part analyzes the meaning of agricultural subsidy under the WTO framework, explains the necessity of studying agricultural subsidy, and expounds the process of the legal system of agricultural subsidy. Secondly, the necessity of studying agricultural subsidy is put forward. The study of agricultural subsidy is an important issue related to the economy and even politics of a country. Finally, the development process of agricultural subsidy is summarized, from its emergence to the present situation of development.
The second part analyzes the current situation and future development trend of agricultural subsidy in the world by referring to the agricultural subsidy policies of developed and developing countries and the opinions of the countries in the Doha Round negotiations. The current situation of agricultural subsidy laws in both countries and developing countries is described. The developed countries, mainly the United States, Japan and the European Union, expound their own complete legal system of agricultural subsidy and their respective positions in the negotiations on agricultural subsidy. The developing countries, taking Brazil, India and China as examples, expound that the developing countries are under the developed countries. Finally, the paper expounds the future development trend of agricultural subsidies, including the disputes on agricultural subsidies in the Doha Round negotiations and their impact on the disputes, and makes bold predictions on the future development trend of agricultural subsidies.
The third part is about the unfair treatment of the developing countries in the agricultural negotiations, the predicament of the developing countries in this issue, and the reasons for this predicament, which is the main content of this paper. This paper analyzes the causes of the differences between developed and developing countries, and puts forward the difficulties of developing countries in agricultural negotiations.
In the fourth part, the author puts forward some suggestions and ideas for the future development of developing countries. Developing countries can improve their own legislation and direct subsidy provisions for agricultural products, and can be issued jointly. The group of developing countries can jointly cope with the situation, and can also enhance the countervailing capacity of developing countries, enhance various forces, and jointly strive for the interests of developing countries in the negotiations.
In the last part, according to the experience of developing countries and developed countries in the world, we put forward some problems and solve them. China is both a developing country and a big agricultural country. The development of agricultural subsidy in China has typical representative significance. However, there are many shortcomings in the development of agricultural subsidy in China. In many respects, this part analyzes the defects of China's agricultural subsidies, and puts forward corresponding solutions.
Despite concessions under international pressure, developed countries have made concessions to further exploit the markets of developing countries. The provisions of the Agricultural Agreement are also unfair to developing countries. The interests of agricultural subsidies in developing countries are neglected and trampled on, and no one protects them. Therefore, joint efforts should be made to change these problems. Unfair agreements require developed countries to cancel subsidies to agricultural products and dumping on developing countries. Agricultural subsidies are the most divisive areas in the Doha Round negotiations. Therefore, a good solution to this problem is a key factor to the success of the negotiations, and it is particularly important to study the rules of WTO agricultural subsidies.
After China's accession to the WTO, it should always be in line with the international standards. There are also many shortcomings and defects in the issue of agricultural subsidies. This paper puts forward some suggestions on the existing problems in China, which will contribute to China's gradual compliance with the WTO Agricultural Agreement and the establishment of a sound legal system of agricultural subsidies.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1;D912.4;F320
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