国家在专属经济区对外国船舶的行政执法权研究

发布时间：2018-08-19 17:49

【摘要】：国家在专属经济区的行政执法权是行政执法权的一部分,是国家管辖权在海洋上的延伸。党的十八大提出建设海洋强国的战略目标,目标之一就是加强专属经济区行政执法,对外国船舶在我国专属经济区非法捕鱼、非法测量、走私贩运、污染环境等违法行为进行有效规制,确保我国海上安全和维护我国海洋权益。面对钓鱼岛问题、南海问题不断升温的国际局势,加强我国专属经济区行政执法是最为紧迫也是最为现实的问题。全文共分为四部分：第一部分界定国家在专属经济区对外国船舶行政执法的区域、主体和对象。专属经济区是区别于领海和公海的以资源为导向的特定区域,国家在专属经济区行政执法的主体是法定的行政主体,其性质具有公权力属性。国家在专属经济区行政执法权的对象是外国民用船舶,军舰和政府公务船舶因享有豁免权被排除在外。第二部分指出国家在专属经济区行政执法的依据,包括执法的基本原则、法理依据和法律依据。国家在专属经济区行政执法除应遵循基本行政法原则外,还要遵循公示公告原则、国家豁免原则、和平解决争端原则和禁止权力滥用原则。国家在专属经济区执法的法理依据是管辖权理论,执法的法律依据主要是国际法和国内法的相关规定。第三部分是我国在专属经济区行政执法的立法和实践。我国虽逐步建立各种海洋法律制度,但还没有制定总揽全局的海洋基本法和海洋执法法,不能适应新时代海洋发展的要求。纵观我国海上执法实践,我国专属经济区行政执法存在立法缺陷和制度缺陷。我国现有的海洋执法模式是分散型的海洋执法模式,存在权能交叉、重复建设、效率低下的弊端。第四部分是完善我国在专属经济区行政执法的若干建议,其中制定统筹全局的海洋基本法和海洋执法法是改革的关键,在此基础上应建立统一的海上执法队伍。要全方位提升国家和民族的海洋意识,制定具体的海洋发展战略,把争议专属经济区行政执法纳入海洋发展战略中,实现国际法和国内法的衔接。我国未来专属经济区行政执法的发展,首先要健全海洋立法,找寻执法的正当性法律依据。其次是建立一支统一的、准军事化的海上执法力量,加强对争议专属经济区的有效控制。
[Abstract]:The administrative law enforcement power of the state in the exclusive economic zone is a part of the administrative law enforcement power and the extension of the national jurisdiction in the sea. The 18th National Congress of the Party put forward the strategic goal of building a strong maritime power. One of the goals is to strengthen the administrative law enforcement of the exclusive economic zone, to illegally fish, illegally measure, and smuggle foreign vessels in China's exclusive economic zone. Pollution of the environment and other illegal acts to effectively regulate to ensure our maritime safety and protect our maritime rights and interests. In the face of the Diaoyu Island problem, the international situation of the South China Sea problem heats up constantly, it is the most urgent and realistic problem to strengthen the administrative law enforcement of our country's exclusive economic zone. The paper is divided into four parts: the first part defines the region, subject and object of the administrative enforcement of foreign ships by the state in the exclusive economic zone. The exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a special resource-oriented region which is different from the territorial sea and the high seas. The administrative law enforcement subject of the state in the EEZ is the legal administrative subject, and its nature has the attribute of public power. The object of the administrative law enforcement power of the state in the exclusive economic zone is foreign civil ships, and warships and government official ships are excluded because of their immunity. The second part points out the basis of administrative law enforcement in the exclusive economic zone, including the basic principles, legal basis and legal basis. In addition to the basic administrative law principle, the state should abide by the principle of public announcement, the principle of state immunity, the principle of peaceful settlement of disputes and the principle of prohibiting abuse of power. The legal basis of state law enforcement in the exclusive economic zone is jurisdiction theory, and the legal basis of law enforcement is mainly the relevant provisions of international law and domestic law. The third part is the legislation and practice of administrative law enforcement in exclusive economic zone. Although China has gradually established various marine legal systems, it has not yet formulated the basic law of the sea and the law of enforcement of the sea, which takes the overall situation into account, and cannot meet the requirements of marine development in the new era. Throughout the practice of maritime law enforcement in our country, there are legislative defects and institutional defects in the enforcement of administrative law in our exclusive economic zone. The existing marine law enforcement model in China is a decentralized ocean law enforcement model, which has the disadvantages of cross-competence, repeated construction and low efficiency. The fourth part is some suggestions to perfect the administrative law enforcement in the exclusive economic zone. The key to the reform is to formulate the overall marine basic law and maritime law enforcement law. On this basis, a unified maritime law enforcement team should be established. It is necessary to enhance the national and national marine consciousness, formulate the specific marine development strategy, bring the administrative law enforcement of the disputed exclusive economic zone into the marine development strategy, and realize the connection between international law and domestic law. In the future development of China's exclusive economic zone, it is necessary to improve maritime legislation and find the legal basis of law enforcement. The second is to establish a unified, quasi-militarized maritime law enforcement force to strengthen effective control over the disputed exclusive economic zone.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D996.19

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