WTO框架下人民币汇率补贴争议及对策研究

发布时间：2018-08-21 09:55

【摘要】：随着我国经济的强劲增长,多年来形成了经常项目和资本项目的“双顺差”局面,使得人民币汇率成为西方国家的攻击矛头,“人民币汇率补贴论”已经成为近年来中国与西方主要经济体之间经贸交往的焦点争议之一。以美国、日本为首的国际社会不断指责中国政府故意将人民币汇率维持在低估水平,以此为中国出口产品提供价格竞争优势,构成了WTO法律框架所禁止的补贴。进而以提交WTO争端解决机构或国内征收反补贴税相威胁,迫使人民币升值。2008年全球性的金融危机爆发后,西方对人民币汇率的指控暂时得以缓和。然而,金融危机趋向稳定后,以美国为首的西方国家对人民币汇率的指控卷土重来,加上危机后各国的经济衰退引发了强烈的贸易保护主义思潮,中国的贸易顺差使得各国对人民币汇率的关注与指责有增无减。2011年10月11日美国参议院再次投票通过了《2011年货币汇率监督改革法案》,要求美国政府改变对“汇率被低估”的国家的贸易政策,采取切实行动征收惩罚性关税,矛头直指中国。这给我国的汇率制度和对外贸易造成了巨大的压力和严重的影响。基于上述现实情况,本论文以WTO体制下有关汇率与补贴的国际法规则为基础,以《补贴与反补贴措施协定》为主要法律依据和研究重点,在深入、系统地分析“人民币汇率补贴论”的起源、发展、原因、构成要件的基础上,明辨和破解有关国际法律制度的真意,评判西方国家对人民币汇率指控的是非曲直。以遵守有关国际法规则为原则,从国际和国内两个层面以及法律、政治、经济、外交等多个角度出发,为我国回击西方指控、缓减人民币升值压力、维护我国在人民币汇率问题上的合法权益和独立自主地推进人民币汇率制度改革,提出了积极参与国际货币法律体系的改革、以可控、渐进为原则推进人民币汇率制度的深入改革等具有创新性、实用性和可操作性的对策建议。
[Abstract]:With the strong economic growth of our country, the "double surplus" situation of current account and capital account has been formed for many years, which makes the RMB exchange rate become the target of attack by the western countries. The theory of RMB exchange rate subsidy has become one of the focuses of economic and trade exchanges between China and the western major economies in recent years. The international community has repeatedly accused the Chinese government of deliberately keeping the RMB exchange rate undervalued to provide a price competitive advantage for China's exports, which constitutes a subsidy prohibited by the WTO legal framework. After the outbreak of the financial crisis, the accusations of the RMB exchange rate in the West were eased temporarily. However, after the financial crisis stabilized, the accusations of the RMB exchange rate in the western countries led by the United States came back. In addition, the economic recession in the post-crisis countries triggered a strong trend of trade protectionism. China's trade surplus made all countries pay more attention to the RMB exchange rate. On October 11, 2011, the U.S. Senate voted again to pass the Currency Exchange Rate Supervision Reform Act of 2011, calling on the U.S. government to change its trade policy toward countries with "undervalued exchange rates" and to take practical actions to impose punitive tariffs on China. This is directed at China's exchange rate system and China's exchange rate system. Foreign trade has caused tremendous pressure and serious impact.
Based on the above-mentioned realities, this paper, on the basis of the rules of international law concerning exchange rate and subsidy under the WTO system, takes the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures as the main legal basis and research emphasis, and makes a thorough and systematic analysis of the origin, development, causes and constituent elements of the theory of RMB exchange rate subsidy, identifies and cracks the relevant countries. According to the principle of abiding by the relevant rules of international law, from both international and domestic levels as well as legal, political, economic and diplomatic perspectives, we should fight back against the western accusations, ease the pressure of RMB appreciation and safeguard China's RMB exchange rate. The legitimate rights and interests on the subject and the independent and independent promotion of the reform of the RMB exchange rate regime have put forward innovative, practical and operable countermeasures and suggestions, such as actively participating in the reform of the international monetary legal system and promoting the in-depth reform of the RMB exchange rate regime on the principle of controllability and gradual progress.
【学位授予单位】：天津财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.2

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