买卖合同司法解释与联合国国际货物销售合同公约中利息偿付规定的比较研究——从国际货物买卖合同案件审理的视角

发布时间：2018-08-25 19:51

【摘要】：最高人民法院买卖合同司法解释(以下简称买卖合同解释)与联合国国际货物销售合同公约(以下简称公约)均有规定欠款利息偿付义务的条款。买卖合同解释第24条第3款规定,卖方要求买方赔偿其逾期付款造成的损失,法院可在银行同期同类贷款基准利率的基础上,参照逾期罚息利率标准计算。公约第78条规定,一方当事人对另一方当事人拖欠任何金额,另一方当事人都有权对这些款额收取利息,且该利息不适用公约的免责条款。我国是公约成员国,我国法院审理的很多国际货物买卖合同案件都应直接适用公约,如有公约的立法空缺未涉及的问题,应根据国际私法规则确定的准据法来解决。上述案件如涉及利息偿付问题,仅凭公约78条无法确定计算利息的利率,需要进一步寻找准据法来确定利率。如果准据法为中国法,买卖合同解释第24条是我国买卖合同领域唯一关于欠款利息偿付的规定,因此该条是我国填补公约78条立法空缺的法律条文。本文通过比较研究,发现与公约第78条相比,买卖合同解释第24条关于利息的规定存在单向性、惩罚性和不可免责性几个特点,在国际贸易案件的司法实践中,可能会给确定利息偿付义务时的法律适用造成一定障碍。最后,在上述发现的基础上,本文尝试在立法和司法两个层面提出几个建议,供立法和司法人员参考。
[Abstract]:The judicial interpretation of the contract of sale and purchase of the Supreme people's Court (hereinafter referred to as the interpretation of the contract of sale) and the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Sale of goods (hereinafter referred to as the Convention) both contain provisions stipulating the obligation to pay interest on arrears. Article 24, paragraph 3, of the contract for Sale and purchase explains that the seller claims the buyer compensation for the loss caused by the late payment, and the court may calculate it on the basis of the benchmark interest rate of the bank's similar loans for the same period, with reference to the standard of late penalty interest rate. Article 78 of the Convention provides that one party is entitled to interest on any amount owed by the other party to the other party, and that the interest does not apply to the Convention's exemption clause. China is a member of the Convention, many cases of international contract for the sale of goods in our court should be directly applied to the Convention. If there are problems not involved in the legislative vacancy of the Convention, it should be resolved according to the applicable law determined by the rules of private international law. If the above cases involve the issue of interest payment, the interest rate for calculating interest cannot be determined by virtue of article 78 of the Convention alone, and further exploration of the applicable law is needed to determine the interest rate. If the applicable law is Chinese law, article 24 of the contract of sale and purchase interpretation is the only provision on the payment of interest due to arrears in the field of contract of sale and purchase in our country, so this article is the legal provision of our country to fill the legislative vacancy in article 78 of the convention. Through comparative study, this paper finds that compared with Article 78 of the Convention, the provisions on interest in article 24 of the contract of sale and purchase have the characteristics of one-way, punitive and non-exoneration, which are in the judicial practice of international trade cases. This may create obstacles to the application of the law in determining the obligation to pay interest. Finally, on the basis of the above findings, this paper tries to put forward several suggestions in the two aspects of legislation and judicature for the reference of legislative and judicial personnel.
【作者单位】：江苏省南京市中级人民法院;
【分类号】：D997.1;D923.6

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