WTO框架下与贸易有关的环境措施研究

发布时间：2018-09-08 21:28

【摘要】：20世纪八九十年代以来,与环境保护有关的贸易措施被越来越频繁的使用,这类措施经常使包括我国在内的发展中国家外贸出口受阻。如何面对这类被泛称为“绿色壁垒”的贸易措施,以及怎样能够更好的运用有关这类措施的国际规则需要我们进一步研究。本文从WTO框架下的贸易规则和与贸易有关的环境措施之间的关系入手,以关税和贸易总协定与世界贸易组织的规则及其裁决的相关案例为基础,分析了影响与贸易有关的环境措施的国际贸易规则,目的是寻找一种途径,使环境措施与WTO规则相协调。这里协调有两方面的含义：一方面是环境措施要符合贸易规则,二是如果贸易规则对环境保护而言不充分应该如何对贸易规则进行完善。文章主体第一部分概要地介绍了与贸易有关的环境措施的概念和WTO协议中有关环境措施的规定,其中详细讨论了GATT第20条“一般例外”条款中有关环境保护的规定,并简明扼要的介绍了WTO其他协议中有关环境的规定,为以下的论文做铺垫。在接下来的各部分中,本文选择了争议较小的,更切实可行的环境措施作为研究对象,并对这些措施与WTO的协调性问题进行了针对性讨论。第二部分分析了多边环境协议中的贸易措施与WTO规则的关系。由于多边环境条约的内容复杂,本文选择了三个具有代表性的环境条约作为研究对象,结合案例,把多边环境协议中的贸易措施与WTO规则的冲突总结为规则冲突和管辖权冲突两个方面,并提出了WTO框架下将两者进行协调的途径。第三部分研究了环境税措施与WTO规则的协调性问题。可以肯定的是,征收环境税的措施只要符合国民待遇,就被认为与WTO规则相符。主要问题是边境税调整措施是否符合WTO的有关规则。第四部分探讨了环境标志与WTO规则的相符性问题,把环境标志作为一种环境措施在很多国家都有使用,需要重视的是如何谨慎地使用强制性环境标志,使之符合WTO的相关规定。第五部分提出了我国应对环境措施的策略。一方面,要立足发展中国家的现状,和其他成员方广泛的开展合作,努力成为“游戏规则”的制定者；另一方面,要完善国内的环境标准和环境税收制度,建立环境资源产权制度和绿色预警机制。
[Abstract]:Since 1980s and 1990s, trade measures related to environmental protection have been used more and more frequently, which often hinder the export of developing countries, including China. How to face this kind of trade measures, which are generally called "green barriers", and how to make better use of the international rules about these measures need further study. This paper begins with the relationship between trade rules and trade-related environmental measures under the framework of WTO, based on the rules of the General Agreement on tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and their rulings. This paper analyzes the rules of international trade which affect the environmental measures related to trade in order to find a way to harmonize the environmental measures with the WTO rules. There are two meanings of coordination here: one is that environmental measures should conform to trade rules, the other is how to perfect trade rules if trade rules are not sufficient for environmental protection. In the first part of the paper, the concept of trade-related environmental measures and the provisions on environmental measures in WTO agreement are briefly introduced. The environmental protection provisions of GATT Article 20 "General exception" clause are discussed in detail. And briefly introduces the environmental provisions of other WTO protocols, which pave the way for the following papers. In the following parts, this paper chooses the less controversial and more practical environmental measures as the research object, and discusses the coordination between these measures and WTO. The second part analyzes the relationship between trade measures and WTO rules in Meas. Because of the complexity of multilateral environmental treaties, this paper chooses three representative environmental treaties as the research object. The conflicts between trade measures and WTO rules in multilateral environmental agreements are summarized as two aspects: conflict of rules and conflicts of jurisdiction, and the ways to coordinate the two measures under the framework of WTO are put forward. The third part studies the coordination of environmental tax measures and WTO rules. To be sure, environmental tax measures are considered consistent with WTO rules as long as they comply with national treatment. The main question is whether the border tax adjustment measures comply with the relevant rules of the WTO. The fourth part discusses the conformity between environmental label and WTO rules. Environmental label is used as an environmental measure in many countries. What we should pay attention to is how to use compulsory environmental label carefully to make it conform to the relevant regulations of WTO. The fifth part puts forward the strategy of our country's environmental measures. On the one hand, they should base themselves on the current situation in developing countries, and cooperate extensively with other members in an effort to become the makers of the "rules of the game"; on the other hand, they should improve domestic environmental standards and environmental taxation systems. Establish environmental resource property right system and green early warning mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1

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