涉外食品侵权责任的国际私法研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 14:59

【摘要】：食品行业作为满足人们基本需求的基础性行业，在国民经济中处于最基础的地位，随着国民生活水平的不断提高，人们对食品的品质和标准要求显得越来越高。三鹿奶粉事件之后，许多国内消费者的消费取向转向“国际品牌”的怀抱。进口食品是否安全不仅决定了国际间的食品交易能否顺利进行，还将在一定程度上影响国家之间的政治利益，缺陷食品的进口还将给消费者带来不可估量的损失。作为弱势一方的中国消费者，在发生纠纷发生之后很难同实力雄厚的跨国公司相抗衡，想通过平等地协商谈判已属不易，即便试图通过提起民事诉讼来维护自己正当的权益，维权之路却显得艰辛漫长，最后有可能出现“赢了官司却赔钱”的局面。这一现象的出现，归根结底是由于侵权行为发生在中国境内，根据现有的冲突法规则，一般中国法律将得到适用，而中国关于消费者保护的法律不完善，保护水平较低，导致实践中忽视了涉外消费侵权与一般民事侵权的区别，忽视了涉外消费侵权案件的特殊性与复杂性。因此根据我国国情来完善我国涉外食品侵权法律制度显得尤为重要，据此，本文除引言和结语之外，分为三个部分：第一章是问题的提出。首先从法律的层面对涉外食品侵权责任的相关概念作出界定，然后对我国司法实践现状作出详细的论述，从涉外食品侵权法律制度的现状与发展和存在的问题两个方面；第二章对美国及欧洲的涉外产品责任法律制度进行了详细的比较研究。从美国《第一次冲突法重述》到《第二次冲突法重述》的蜕变分析，，再从欧洲的传统规则到现代规则的分析，再到《海牙公约》的法律适用规则概述，最后总结出国际立法趋势；第三章是关于完善我国涉外食品侵权法律制度的国际法思考。本章首先阐述了完善涉外食品侵权法律制度的理论基础，其次对完善我国涉外食品侵权法律制度提出来具有建设性的几点建议。
[Abstract]:Food industry as the basic industry to meet the basic needs of people, in the national economy in the most basic position, with the continuous improvement of the national standard of living, the quality and standard of food is becoming more and more demanding. After Sanlu milk powder incident, many domestic consumer's consumption orientation turns to the "international brand" embrace. The safety of imported food not only determines whether the international food trade can be carried out smoothly, but also affects the political interests of countries to a certain extent. The import of defective food will also bring incalculable losses to consumers. As a weak party, Chinese consumers can hardly compete with powerful multinational corporations after disputes occur, and it is not easy to negotiate on an equal footing, even if they try to defend their legitimate rights and interests by filing civil proceedings. But the road to rights-safeguarding appears to be long and difficult, and may eventually appear "win the case but lose money" situation. In the final analysis, the occurrence of this phenomenon is due to the fact that the tort occurred in the territory of China. According to the existing rules of conflict of laws, general Chinese laws will be applied, while China's laws on consumer protection are imperfect and the level of protection is relatively low. In practice, the difference between foreign consumption tort and general civil tort is ignored, and the particularity and complexity of foreign consumption tort cases are ignored. Therefore, it is particularly important to perfect the foreign food tort legal system according to the national conditions of our country. According to this, this paper is divided into three parts except the introduction and conclusion: the first chapter is the question. First of all, it defines the concept of food tort liability from the legal level, and then makes a detailed discussion on the current situation of judicial practice in our country, from the current situation and development of the foreign food tort legal system and the existing problems. The second chapter makes a detailed comparative study on the legal system of foreign product liability in the United States and Europe. From the American restatement of the first conflict of laws to the restatement of the second conflict of laws, and from the analysis of the European traditional rules to the modern rules, to the summary of the applicable rules of the Hague Convention, Finally, the trend of international legislation is summarized; the third chapter is about the improvement of foreign food tort legal system in international law. This chapter firstly expounds the theoretical basis of perfecting the foreign food tort legal system, and then puts forward some constructive suggestions for perfecting the foreign food tort legal system in our country.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D997.1

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