国际海底区域遗传资源利用与惠益分享之法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-09-16 22:00

【摘要】：近年来,随着深海勘探水平的提高,人类逐渐认识到国际海底区域存在丰富的生物多样性和大量的深海遗传资源,其独特的生态特征蕴藏着极大的科研和商业开发价值。然而,在现代国际法框架下,“区域”的深海遗传资源的归属、利用以及后续的惠益分享问题仍存在巨大的法律漏洞。《联合国海洋法公约》、《生物多样性公约》以及相关国际知识产权法律制度都无法完全适用于“区域”遗传资源,甚至相关公约之间还存在着一定的冲突。为此,国际社会在不同场合召开了多次会议以期尽快建立相关资源利用和保护的新机制。为解决这一难题,首要任务是确定“区域”深海遗传资源的法律属性。基于《海洋法公约》确立的“区域”及其资源的国际法律地位,将生物资源也纳入到“人类共同继承财产”的范畴中符合公约的目的和宗旨,是公约的题中之意。其次,就监管主体而言,国际海底管理局对于管理和规制“区域”遗传资源具有先天的优势。在此基础上,参考现代国际法体系中的惠益分享机制,国际社会可以考虑建立以“人类共同继承财产”为前提的国际知识产权保护制度以激励相关遗传资源的开发,进而通过惠益分享制度来公平、合理地在国际社会分配开发活动所产生的货币或非货币利益。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the improvement of deep-sea exploration level, people gradually realize that there are abundant biodiversity and a large number of deep-sea genetic resources in the international seabed area, and its unique ecological characteristics contain great scientific research and commercial development value. However, within the framework of modern international law, the attribution of the deep sea genetic resources of the area, There are still large legal gaps in the utilization and subsequent benefit-sharing issues. Neither the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Convention on Biological Diversity nor the relevant international legal regime on intellectual property rights are fully applicable to the genetic resources of the area, There are even some conflicts between the relevant conventions. For this reason, the international community has held many meetings on various occasions with a view to establishing new mechanisms for the utilization and protection of relevant resources as soon as possible. In order to solve this problem, the primary task is to determine the legal attributes of deep-sea genetic resources in the area. Based on the international legal status of the area and its resources established by UNCLOS, the inclusion of biological resources in the category of "common heritage of mankind" conforms to the object and purpose of the Convention and is the meaning of the Convention. Secondly, as far as the regulatory body is concerned, the International seabed Authority has inherent advantages in the management and regulation of genetic resources in the area. On this basis, and with reference to the benefit-sharing mechanisms in the modern system of international law, the international community may consider establishing an international intellectual property protection regime based on the premise of "the common heritage of mankind" to stimulate the development of relevant genetic resources, Then the benefit-sharing system is used to distribute the monetary or non-monetary benefits arising from the development activities in the international community fairly and reasonably.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D993.5

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