菲律宾诉中国南海仲裁案管辖权问题剖析——结合中国《立场文件》的分析

发布时间：2018-09-19 14:11

【摘要】：菲律宾不顾中国反对,将中国诉至国际仲裁庭,通过"分解-重组-包装"方式,意图绕开中方依据《联合国海洋法公约》(简称《公约))作出的书面声明范围,提出了复杂的13项诉求(后因菲方刻意在正式书状中加入有关海洋环境的诉求而增加到15项)。中方的《立场文件》从三个方面对菲方的仲裁申请进行了管辖权抗辩,但未针对菲方诉求做出具体分析和回应。菲方的仲裁申请既不满足诉前义务,也不符合《公约》的管辖权规定。菲方的15项诉求可被划分为五种类型:中国"南海九段线"的效力;涉案岛礁的法律地位;自然资源开发;海洋环境保护;中国在南海行使管辖权。以上诉求在本案中均具有不可接受性,而海洋环境保护诉求的凭空加入更是暴露了菲方底气不足、为确立管辖权而不择手段的滥诉行径。仲裁庭对本案应当没有管辖权。中方在出台《立场文件》后,还应针对案件的几个关键时间节点,做更为全面的法律应对准备。
[Abstract]:In defiance of China's objection, the Philippines appealed China to the International Arbitration Tribunal and adopted the "decomposition-recombination-packaging" method, with the intention of circumventing the scope of the written declaration made by the Chinese side under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). There were 13 complex claims (increased to 15 as a result of the Philippines' deliberate inclusion of claims on the marine environment in the formal pleadings). China's position Paper has defended the Philippine arbitration application from three aspects, but has not made a specific analysis and response to the Philippine claim. The Philippine arbitration application neither meets its pre-litigation obligations nor the Convention's jurisdiction. The 15 claims of the Philippines can be classified into five types: the effectiveness of China's "Nine Section Line of the South China Sea"; the legal status of the islands and reefs involved; the exploitation of natural resources; the protection of the marine environment; and the exercise of China's jurisdiction in the South China Sea. The above claims are all unacceptable in this case, and the entry of marine environmental protection claims has exposed the lack of the Philippines' bottom spirit, and the indiscriminate action by any means in order to establish jurisdiction. The arbitral tribunal should have no jurisdiction over the case. After the release of the position Paper, China should also make more comprehensive legal preparations for several key time points of the case.
【作者单位】：武汉大学国际法研究所;武汉大学"国家领土主权与海洋权益协同中心";武汉大学"中国南海研究协同创新中心";武汉大学"国家领土主权与海洋权益协同中心;
【基金】：2013年教育部人文社会科学重点基地重大项目“东海南海的岛屿主权与海洋划界争端中的国际法问题”(13JJD820008)的资助
【分类号】：D993.5;D994

【共引文献】