国际碳排放权交易制度研究

发布时间：2018-10-12 09:22

【摘要】：气候变化问题是当今世界各国关注的焦点问题,由于工业化的发展,温室气体的排放已经促使全球气候变暖加剧,给人类的生产生活造成了严重的影响。国际社会很早以前就开始就应对气候变化问题展开了探讨与合作,希望控制温室气体排放以减缓气候变化。随着《联合国气候变化框架公约》及《京都议定书》的通过,国际碳排放权交易的逐步发展起来,并渐渐成为世界各主要国家控制温室气体排放的主要方式。欧盟、北美、澳大利亚、日本等国家及地区都进行了自己的碳排放权交易的尝试和实践,并逐步完善交易制度,其中有很多地方值得我国借鉴。我国一方面当前工业迅猛发展,温室气体排放量逐年增加,另一方面也面临着国际社会对于减排要求的重重压力,所以积极探索一种有效控制温室气体排放的制度成为当务之急。本文在探讨分析国际上已有的碳排放权交易实践的基础上,探讨我国碳排放权交易制度的构建。本文正文共分四章进行探讨。第一章为国际碳排放权及其交易概述。首先对碳排放权交易的基本问题进行了阐述,分析了碳排放权的含义和法律属性,明确了本文论述的碳排放权是狭义的碳排放权,碳排放权具有准物权属性,并且阐明碳排放权配额是碳排放权的表现形式。接着介绍了国际社会联手应对气候变化的发展进程,全球气候变化带来的危机逐渐引起人们的重视和国际社会的关注,1992年150多个国家通过了《联合国气候变化框架公约》,随后经过艰苦卓绝的谈判1997年通过了《京都议定书》(2005年正式生效)；2012年年底《京都议定书》第一承诺期即将到期,尽管2011年底德班大会决定了第二承诺期将从2013年开始,但由于众多发达国家的反对呼声,未来的国际合作仍然充满了不确定性。第二章为国际碳排放权交易建立的理论与制度基础。首先对碳排放权交易的理论基础进行了阐述,国际上目前尚未形成统一的碳排放权交易制度,而是以区域性交易体系为主,所以本文所探讨国际碳排放权交易是指发生在国际上的碳排放权交易,并以基于配额的交易为主要研究对象。然后简要介绍了国际碳排放权交易的主体、客体以及包括联合国国际交易日志、国家注册系统、联合履行监督委员会、清洁发展机制执行理事会在内的相关执行机制。第三章为国际碳排放权交易制度的相关实践。首先对国际碳排放权交易的总体现状进行了描述和评析,指出虽然全球碳市场交易额近年大体都处于上升趋势,但是达到的减排效果并不尽如人意,继而简要分析了初始分配、总量控制以及奖惩机制所存在的问题。接着对欧盟的碳排放交易制度进行了较为详细的介绍和评价,包括法律渊源、实施阶段、配额分配机制、交易及惩罚机制、灵活履约机制等,分析了我国可以借鉴的经验。最后简要阐述并评价了美国、澳大利亚、日本的碳排放权交易制度,并指出我国应该借鉴的优良经验。第四章为我国碳排放权交易制度构建的探讨。首先介绍了我国碳排放权交易的初步探索,包括法律、政策及实践三个方面,并分析了当前交易存在的法律支撑不足、平台效率有限、政府职能定位不准等问题。在此基础上,继而提出了对构建我国碳排放权交易制度的建议,一方面是应该遵循的基本原则,包括公开、公平、公正原则,可持续发展原则、共同但有区别原则、渐进性原则及政府监督原则,另一方面是关键的制度,包括实施阶段、总量控制、初始分配制度、许可制度、核证制度、责任制度及灵活履约制度。
[Abstract]:Climate change is the focus of all countries in the world. Due to the development of industrialization, greenhouse gas emissions have contributed to the warming of global warming and have a serious impact on the production and life of mankind. The international community has started exploring and cooperating with climate change issues early and hopes to control greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate climate change. With the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol, the progressive development of international carbon emission trading has gradually become the main way of controlling greenhouse gas emissions in major countries of the world. The European Union, North America, Australia, Japan and other countries and regions have carried out their own carbon emission trading attempts and practices, and gradually improved the trading system, many of which deserve our reference. On the one hand, China's current industrial rapid development, the greenhouse gas emissions increase year by year, on the other hand also face the international community's heavy pressure on emission reduction demand, so it is urgent to actively explore a system that effectively controls the greenhouse gas emission. Based on the analysis of the existing practice of carbon emission trading, this paper discusses the construction of carbon emission trading system in China. The text of this article is divided into four chapters The first chapter is the international carbon emission right and First of all, the basic problems of carbon emission right trading are expounded, the meaning and legal attribute of carbon emission right are analyzed, the carbon emission right which is discussed in this paper is the narrow carbon emission right, the carbon emission right has the quasi-real right attribute, and the carbon emission right quota is the carbon emission right. It then introduced the international community to deal with the development process of climate change, the crisis brought about by global climate change gradually aroused people's attention and the attention of the international community. In 1992, more than 150 countries adopted the , followed by the successful negotiation of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 (formally entered into force in 2005); at the end of 2012, the Kyoto Protocol> the first commitment period will expire, although the Durban Conference at the end of 2011 decided that the second commitment period would be from 20 Since 13 years, the future international cooperation is still full of opposition from many developed countries Uncertainty. Chapter II Establishment of International Carbon Emission Trading On the basis of the theory and system of carbon emission right transaction, the theory basis of carbon emission right transaction is expounded firstly, but the unified carbon emission right trading system has not been formed at the international level, but is dominated by regional trading system. Therefore, the international carbon emission right transaction discussed in this paper refers to the occurrence of the international carbon emission right transaction. Carbon emission trading on the basis of quota-based delivery This paper briefly introduces the subject and object of international carbon emission trading, as well as the international transaction log, the national registration system, the Joint Implementation Supervisory Committee and the Executive Council of the Clean Development Mechanism. Relevant implementation mechanisms within. Chapter III is the International Carbon Bank The paper describes and analyzes the overall situation of the international carbon emission trading system, and points out that although the global carbon market turnover has been generally in the upward trend in recent years, the emission reduction effect achieved is not satisfactory. the initial allocation and the total amount control are then briefly analyzed to The paper introduces and evaluates the carbon emission trading system of EU, including legal origin, implementation stage, quota allocation mechanism, transaction and punishment mechanism, flexible performance mechanism and so on. This paper analyses and evaluates the carbon emission right trading system in USA, Australia and Japan, and points out that My country should learn from the excellent experience. Chapter 4 is me This paper first introduces the preliminary exploration of China's carbon emission right transaction, including three aspects of law, policy and practice, and analyzes the insufficient legal support and platform efficiency in the current transaction. On the basis of this, the author puts forward the suggestion to construct China's carbon emission right trading system, on the one hand, it is the basic principle that should be followed, including open, fair, fair principle, sustainable development principle, common but differentiated. On the other hand, it is a key system, including implementation phase, total amount control, initial distribution system, licensing system and nuclear certificate.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.9

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