《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》中的货物相符规则研究
发布时间：2018-10-14 19:20
【摘要】：作为调整国际货物买卖的一部国际公约，《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》（以下简称CISG）被广泛适用于世界各地。自CISG于1988年生效至今，各国法院、国内国际仲裁机构已经积累了与CISG的适用和解释相关的大量案例，其中大多数案例都是围绕“货物相符”问题发生的。“货物相符”是每一个买卖法的核心问题，对CISG货物相符规则进行分析和研究不仅具有重要的理论意义，更具有迫切的现实意义。既有利于促进CISG统一适用，进而实现统一国际货物买卖法的目标；也可以为裁判机构正确适用CISG货物相符规则的相关条款提供积极的理论指引；同时有利于增强国际货物贸易当事人对纠纷处理结果的预见性。 本文在系统分析典型案例的基础上，完整地阐述适用CISG第35条所涉及的关键问题，这些问题主要包括：如何理解CISG第35条各款的含义？“口头证据规则”是否适用于由CISG调整的国际货物买卖纠纷？卖方的货物相符义务是否受买方所在国或货物使用地所在国公法规范约束？验货对货物相符义务的影响？如何协调第35条各款之间的冲突？CISG是否以及如何规范货物相符规则中涉及的证明责任分配问题？等等。 全文约五万余字，除引言和结语外，共分为四个部分。 第一部分：CISG货物相符规则概述。本部分对本文研究对象“CISG货物相符规则”的内涵和外延进行界定，通过与国内、国际立法进行比较分析，揭示CISG货物相符规则的特征；采用历史分析方法，梳理CISG第35条的形成过程。 第二部分：CISG货物相符规则的具体适用与解释。本部分主要采用文本分析和案例实证分析方法，对CISG第35条各款各项的具体适用进行详尽的剖析。首先对适用第35条判断货物是否与合同相符的核心考量因素和分析思路进行阐释。其次，对如何判断买方是否具备第35条第3款规定的“知道或不可能不知道”状态进行批判性分析，并指出买方拒绝验货对卖方能否免责可能造成的影响。最后，揭示第35条款项之间的内部冲突，并归纳出协调冲突的基本思路。 第三部分：CISG货物相符规则中的证明责任。本部分通过分析CISG有关条款，指出证明责任分配问题属于CISG调整范围内的事项。根据CISG第7条第2款，提出应区分不同要件事实，，分别适用“规则—例外”原则、“证据就近”原则以及“表面证据”理论，分阶段地对证明责任进行分配。 第四部分：中国裁判机构适用CISG货物相符规则存在的问题及改进建议。本部分归纳中国法院和CIETAC适用CISG第35条的现状，指出存在的问题，并在此基础上提出改进建议。
[Abstract]:As an international convention to regulate the international sale of goods, the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Sale of goods (hereinafter referred to as CISG) is widely used all over the world. Since the CISG came into effect in 1988, the courts of various countries and the domestic and international arbitration institutions have accumulated a large number of cases related to the application and interpretation of CISG, most of which have occurred around the issue of "conformity of goods". "conformance of goods" is the core problem of every law of sale. It is not only of great theoretical significance but also of urgent practical significance to analyze and study the conformity rules of CISG goods. It can not only promote the uniform application of CISG and realize the goal of uniform international law on the sale of goods, but also provide positive theoretical guidance for the referees to correctly apply the relevant provisions of the conformity rules of CISG goods. At the same time, it helps to enhance the predictability of the parties to the international trade in goods to the outcome of the dispute. On the basis of systematic analysis of typical cases, this paper fully expounds the key issues involved in the application of Article 35 of CISG. These questions mainly include: how to understand the meaning of Article 35 of CISG? Are the rules of Oral evidence applicable to international trade in goods disputes adjusted by CISG? Is the seller's conformity obligations subject to public law norms in the country of the buyer or the country in which the goods are used? What is the impact of the inspection on the conformance obligation of the goods? How to reconcile the conflicts between the paragraphs of article 35? is CISG and how to regulate the allocation of burden of proof in conformity rules for goods? Wait The full text about 50,000 words, in addition to the introduction and conclusion, a total of four parts. Part I: Overview of conformity rules for CISG goods. This part defines the connotation and extension of "CISG conformance rules", and reveals the characteristics of CISG conformance rules by comparing with domestic and international legislation. Combing the formation of Article 35 of CISG. Part II: the specific application and interpretation of CISG conformity rules. This part mainly uses the text analysis and the case empirical analysis method, carries on the detailed analysis to the CISG article 35 each item concrete application. Firstly, the article 35 is applied to judge whether the goods are in conformity with the contract. Secondly, this paper makes a critical analysis on how to judge whether the buyer has "know or can't know" as stipulated in article 35, paragraph 3, and points out the possible influence of buyer's refusal to inspect goods on the seller's exemption from liability. Finally, the internal conflict between Article 35 items is revealed, and the basic idea of coordination conflict is concluded. Part III: the burden of proof in CISG conformity rules. This part points out that the allocation of burden of proof belongs to the scope of CISG adjustment by analyzing the relevant provisions of CISG. According to paragraph 2 of Article 7 of CISG, it is suggested that the principle of "rules- exception", "proximity of evidence" and "prima facie" theory should be applied to distribute the burden of proof in stages. Part IV: problems and suggestions for improvement of CISG conformance rules applied by Chinese referees. This part summarizes the current situation of the application of Article 35 of CISG by Chinese courts and CIETAC, points out the existing problems, and puts forward some suggestions for improvement.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1
本文编号：2271398
[Abstract]:As an international convention to regulate the international sale of goods, the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Sale of goods (hereinafter referred to as CISG) is widely used all over the world. Since the CISG came into effect in 1988, the courts of various countries and the domestic and international arbitration institutions have accumulated a large number of cases related to the application and interpretation of CISG, most of which have occurred around the issue of "conformity of goods". "conformance of goods" is the core problem of every law of sale. It is not only of great theoretical significance but also of urgent practical significance to analyze and study the conformity rules of CISG goods. It can not only promote the uniform application of CISG and realize the goal of uniform international law on the sale of goods, but also provide positive theoretical guidance for the referees to correctly apply the relevant provisions of the conformity rules of CISG goods. At the same time, it helps to enhance the predictability of the parties to the international trade in goods to the outcome of the dispute. On the basis of systematic analysis of typical cases, this paper fully expounds the key issues involved in the application of Article 35 of CISG. These questions mainly include: how to understand the meaning of Article 35 of CISG? Are the rules of Oral evidence applicable to international trade in goods disputes adjusted by CISG? Is the seller's conformity obligations subject to public law norms in the country of the buyer or the country in which the goods are used? What is the impact of the inspection on the conformance obligation of the goods? How to reconcile the conflicts between the paragraphs of article 35? is CISG and how to regulate the allocation of burden of proof in conformity rules for goods? Wait The full text about 50,000 words, in addition to the introduction and conclusion, a total of four parts. Part I: Overview of conformity rules for CISG goods. This part defines the connotation and extension of "CISG conformance rules", and reveals the characteristics of CISG conformance rules by comparing with domestic and international legislation. Combing the formation of Article 35 of CISG. Part II: the specific application and interpretation of CISG conformity rules. This part mainly uses the text analysis and the case empirical analysis method, carries on the detailed analysis to the CISG article 35 each item concrete application. Firstly, the article 35 is applied to judge whether the goods are in conformity with the contract. Secondly, this paper makes a critical analysis on how to judge whether the buyer has "know or can't know" as stipulated in article 35, paragraph 3, and points out the possible influence of buyer's refusal to inspect goods on the seller's exemption from liability. Finally, the internal conflict between Article 35 items is revealed, and the basic idea of coordination conflict is concluded. Part III: the burden of proof in CISG conformity rules. This part points out that the allocation of burden of proof belongs to the scope of CISG adjustment by analyzing the relevant provisions of CISG. According to paragraph 2 of Article 7 of CISG, it is suggested that the principle of "rules- exception", "proximity of evidence" and "prima facie" theory should be applied to distribute the burden of proof in stages. Part IV: problems and suggestions for improvement of CISG conformance rules applied by Chinese referees. This part summarizes the current situation of the application of Article 35 of CISG by Chinese courts and CIETAC, points out the existing problems, and puts forward some suggestions for improvement.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 韩世远;;出卖人的物的瑕疵担保责任与我国合同法[J];中国法学;2007年03期
本文编号：2271398
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