海域使用权的物权制度研究
发布时间：2018-10-24 07:02
【摘要】：21世纪是海洋的世纪，人口的迅速增长和资源的过度开采使得陆地资源已经不能完全满足人们的生产生活需要，海洋的开发利用为人类提供了新的发展空间。海洋是一种“蓝色国土”，我国和世界上大多数国家一样，将海域这种自然资源的所有权归属于国家，为了提高海域的使用价值和利用效率，，海域使用权制度应运而生。《海域使用管理法》和《物权法》作为研究海域使用权物权制度最为重要的两部法律，都存在一定的弊端和不足。从物权法的角度来看，我国目前的海域使用权制度并没有对权利的私法属性予以重视，对海域使用权人的权利保护程度不够，还具有很大的完善空间。本文以民法理论为出发点，将海域使用权纳入物权法的研究范畴，以此来研究我国的海域使用权物权制度，并针对制度的完善提出一些思考和建议。 从结构上看，本文一共分为五个部分，在引言部分进行简单的阐述之后，又具体划分了四章。 第一章是“海域使用权的基本理论”。海域是设定海域使用权的客体，在具体阐述海域范围和民法属性的基础上，明确了海域的所有权归属于国家，海域的国家所有权派生了海域的使用权，是海域使用权的“母权”。本章最后一部分内容对海域使用权进行了界定，包括海域使用的定义、方式和分类以及海域使用权的概念、范围和法律关系组成等内容。 第二章是“海域使用权的物权定位”。本部分通过分析公权性与私权性之争，将海域使用权界定为一种私权利，又比较不同的学说理论将这种私权利具体认定为一种独立的新型用益物权，具有用益性、支配性、优先性和排他性等物权特性。在此基础上，又以土地使用权和涉海准物权为代表，重点分析了海域使用权与相关物权的关系。 第三章是“海域使用权的物权变动”。从权利的取得开始，分析了海域使用权的申请审批取得、招投标取得和拍卖取得三种方式以及权利取得后在期限上和利用方式上的变更。对于权利的流转，又具体包括转让、继承、出租和抵押等不同的方式。对于权利的消灭，包括绝对消灭和相对消灭两种不同情形。最后，又分析了海域使用权在整个过程中的登记制度。 第四章是“我国海域使用权的物权制度完善”。通过分析我国现行海域使用权物权制度的几个不足，提出了制度完善的两个指导原则，既充分考虑到海域使用权的公权力色彩，又注重加大对海域使用权人权利的保护。接着，考察了域外立法针对海域使用权制度所采用的立法模式和管理制度，为我国的制度选择提供了借鉴。最后，提出了完善我国海域使用权物权制度的几点建议，以求加快制度建设的进程，促进海域的开发利用。
[Abstract]:The 21st century is the century of the ocean. The rapid growth of population and the over-exploitation of resources make the land resources can not fully meet the needs of people's production and life. The exploitation and utilization of the sea has provided a new development space for human beings. The ocean is a kind of "blue land". Like most countries in the world, our country assigns the ownership of the sea area to the state, in order to improve the use value and efficiency of the sea area. The system of the right to use the sea area arises at the historic moment. As the two most important laws to study the real right system of the right to use the sea area, the Law on the Management of the use of Sea area and the Law of property Rights have some drawbacks and shortcomings. From the point of view of property law, the current system of the right to use the sea area in our country does not attach importance to the private law attribute of the right, and the degree of protection of the right to use the sea area is not enough, and there is still great room for improvement. This article takes the civil law theory as the starting point, brings the sea area right to use into the real right law research category, thus studies our country sea area use right real right system, and puts forward some thoughts and suggestions in view of the system consummation. From the structural point of view, this paper is divided into five parts, in the introduction part of a simple elaboration, and specifically divided into four chapters. The first chapter is the basic theory of the right to use the sea area. The sea area is the object of establishing the right to use the sea area. On the basis of expounding the scope of the sea area and the attribute of civil law, it is clear that the ownership of the sea area belongs to the state, and the state ownership of the sea area derives the right to use the sea area. It is the "mother right" of the right to use the sea area. The last part of this chapter defines the right to use the sea area, including the definition, method and classification of the use of sea area, as well as the concept, scope and composition of the legal relationship of the right to use the sea area. The second chapter is the real right orientation of the right to use the sea area. This part defines the right to use the sea area as a kind of private right by analyzing the dispute between public right and private right, and different theories confirm this private right as a kind of independent new usufruct right, which has the property of usufruct and domination. Property rights such as priority and exclusivity. On this basis, the relationship between the right to use the sea area and the related real right is analyzed with the land use right and the quasi real right involved in the sea as the representative. The third chapter is the change of the right to use the sea area. From the beginning of the acquisition of rights, this paper analyzes three ways of obtaining the right to use the sea area, including the application and approval of the right to use the sea area, the acquisition of bidding and the acquisition of auction, and the changes in the time limit and the mode of utilization after the acquisition of the right. For the transfer of rights, including transfer, inheritance, rental and mortgage and other different ways. For the elimination of rights, including absolute annihilation and relative annihilation two different situations. Finally, it analyzes the registration system of the right to use the sea area in the whole process. The fourth chapter is the perfection of the property right system of the right to use the sea area in our country. Based on the analysis of several deficiencies of the current system of the right to use the sea area in our country, two guiding principles of perfect system are put forward, which not only fully consider the color of the public power of the right to use the sea area, but also pay attention to the protection of the right of the person using the right to use the sea area. Then, the author investigates the legislative model and management system adopted by the extraterritorial legislation in view of the right to use the sea area, which provides a reference for the choice of the system in our country. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to perfect the real right system of the right to use the sea area in order to speed up the process of system construction and promote the exploitation and utilization of the sea area.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923.2;D993.5
本文编号：2290662
[Abstract]:The 21st century is the century of the ocean. The rapid growth of population and the over-exploitation of resources make the land resources can not fully meet the needs of people's production and life. The exploitation and utilization of the sea has provided a new development space for human beings. The ocean is a kind of "blue land". Like most countries in the world, our country assigns the ownership of the sea area to the state, in order to improve the use value and efficiency of the sea area. The system of the right to use the sea area arises at the historic moment. As the two most important laws to study the real right system of the right to use the sea area, the Law on the Management of the use of Sea area and the Law of property Rights have some drawbacks and shortcomings. From the point of view of property law, the current system of the right to use the sea area in our country does not attach importance to the private law attribute of the right, and the degree of protection of the right to use the sea area is not enough, and there is still great room for improvement. This article takes the civil law theory as the starting point, brings the sea area right to use into the real right law research category, thus studies our country sea area use right real right system, and puts forward some thoughts and suggestions in view of the system consummation. From the structural point of view, this paper is divided into five parts, in the introduction part of a simple elaboration, and specifically divided into four chapters. The first chapter is the basic theory of the right to use the sea area. The sea area is the object of establishing the right to use the sea area. On the basis of expounding the scope of the sea area and the attribute of civil law, it is clear that the ownership of the sea area belongs to the state, and the state ownership of the sea area derives the right to use the sea area. It is the "mother right" of the right to use the sea area. The last part of this chapter defines the right to use the sea area, including the definition, method and classification of the use of sea area, as well as the concept, scope and composition of the legal relationship of the right to use the sea area. The second chapter is the real right orientation of the right to use the sea area. This part defines the right to use the sea area as a kind of private right by analyzing the dispute between public right and private right, and different theories confirm this private right as a kind of independent new usufruct right, which has the property of usufruct and domination. Property rights such as priority and exclusivity. On this basis, the relationship between the right to use the sea area and the related real right is analyzed with the land use right and the quasi real right involved in the sea as the representative. The third chapter is the change of the right to use the sea area. From the beginning of the acquisition of rights, this paper analyzes three ways of obtaining the right to use the sea area, including the application and approval of the right to use the sea area, the acquisition of bidding and the acquisition of auction, and the changes in the time limit and the mode of utilization after the acquisition of the right. For the transfer of rights, including transfer, inheritance, rental and mortgage and other different ways. For the elimination of rights, including absolute annihilation and relative annihilation two different situations. Finally, it analyzes the registration system of the right to use the sea area in the whole process. The fourth chapter is the perfection of the property right system of the right to use the sea area in our country. Based on the analysis of several deficiencies of the current system of the right to use the sea area in our country, two guiding principles of perfect system are put forward, which not only fully consider the color of the public power of the right to use the sea area, but also pay attention to the protection of the right of the person using the right to use the sea area. Then, the author investigates the legislative model and management system adopted by the extraterritorial legislation in view of the right to use the sea area, which provides a reference for the choice of the system in our country. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to perfect the real right system of the right to use the sea area in order to speed up the process of system construction and promote the exploitation and utilization of the sea area.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923.2;D993.5
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