碳关税法律制度构建研究

发布时间：2018-11-06 11:29

【摘要】：由于世界各国都在开始关注气候变化问题,因此,各国都在极力推行CO2等温室气体的节能减排措施。最初,人们所关注的环境问题,只限于一国自己的内部问题,并没有超越国界。欧盟与美国等发达国家的国内立法中都有有关于气候变化条款。因此,一国的国内法是环境保护法的渊源之一。但是,气候变化属于全球性环境问题,所以并不像传统的环境问题。所以本文认为,国际法应当在世界气候变化的减缓中扮演重要角色。在历经多次国际气候变化会议之后,发达国家把碳关税作为减缓气候恶化的重要手段,并在其气候变化的国内立法中制定碳关税条款,而且还表明了自己的立场。但是,根据国际气候变化相关协议的规定,碳减排责任只由发达国家来承担,与发展中国家无关。因此,一些发达国家在其国内气候立法中具体规定了碳关税条款,以此米压迫友展中国家与其实施同标准的碳减排义务,这无疑是给友展中国家带来了巨大挑战和危机。欧美等发达国家提出碳关税的目的,主要是针对中国的节能减排。但是,中国是个负责任的大国,中国在应对全球气候变化、减少温室气体排放量上,已经做出了许多努力。本文首先阐述了碳关税产生的背景及碳关税法律制度的基本理论,并在基本理论的基础之上详细分析了欧美等发达国家征收碳关税的目的及其可能性。其次,对欧盟和美国的碳关税法律制度进行简要的分析并进行比较,站在欧美国家的角度来看碳关税,他们是积极推行碳关税条款倡导者。再次,通过以上的论述分析,本文提出应当构建一个国际层面的碳关税法律制度,构建国际层面的碳关税法律制度,又必须坚持“共同但有区别的责任”、“特殊与差别待遇”及“比例原则”等基本原则,并对国际碳关税法律制度构建的实体规则进行构想。最后,本文又从国际、国内层面上,中国应当如何应对碳关税法律制度提出了建议。仕国际上,我国应当积极开展“环境外交”,积极参与国际碳排放标准制定；在国内层面上,中国应当立法支持技术革新,加快国内经济结构升级,发展低碳环保经济,降低碳轻度,消除被征收碳关税理由。
[Abstract]:Because the world is beginning to pay attention to the issue of climate change, therefore, all countries are vigorously promoting CO2 and other greenhouse gas energy conservation and emission reduction measures. Initially, concerns about the environment were limited to a country's own internal problems, and did not transcend national boundaries. The European Union and the United States and other developed countries have provisions on climate change in their domestic legislation. Therefore, the domestic law of a country is one of the sources of environmental protection law. However, climate change is a global environmental problem, so it is not like traditional environmental problems. Therefore, international law should play an important role in the mitigation of world climate change. After many international climate change conferences, developed countries regard carbon tariffs as an important means to slow climate deterioration, and make carbon tariff provisions in their domestic climate change legislation, and also make their own stand. However, under international climate change-related agreements, the responsibility for reducing carbon emissions rests only with developed countries, not with developing countries. Therefore, some developed countries have specified the carbon tariff provisions in their domestic climate legislation, so as to oppress the countries in the exhibition to implement the same standard carbon emission reduction obligations, which undoubtedly brings great challenges and crises to the countries in the exhibition. Europe and the United States and other developed countries put forward carbon tariffs, mainly aimed at China's energy-saving and emission reduction. But China is a responsible power, and it has done a lot to tackle global climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, the background of carbon tariff and the basic theory of carbon tariff legal system are expounded, and the purpose and possibility of carbon tariff collection in developed countries such as Europe and America are analyzed in detail on the basis of basic theory. Secondly, the European Union and the United States of America carbon tariff legal system of a brief analysis and comparison, from the point of view of Europe and the United States carbon tariffs, they are actively promote carbon tariff provisions. Thirdly, through the above discussion and analysis, this paper puts forward that we should construct a carbon tariff legal system at the international level and a carbon tariff legal system at the international level, and we must adhere to the "common but differentiated responsibilities". The basic principles of "special and differential treatment" and "proportionality principle", and the substantive rules of international carbon tariff legal system are conceived. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to deal with the carbon tariff law system at the international and domestic level. Internationally, China should actively carry out "environmental diplomacy" and take an active part in the establishment of international carbon emission standards. At the domestic level, China should legislate to support technological innovation, accelerate the upgrading of domestic economic structure, develop a low-carbon environment-friendly economy, reduce carbon mildly, and eliminate the reasons for carbon tariffs imposed.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.9

【参考文献】