国际海洋法法庭临时措施之“紧急情况”认定研究

发布时间：2018-11-09 21:15

【摘要】：临时措施是国际海洋法法庭的重要制度之一。其在解决海洋争端和维护海洋秩序方面做出了巨大的贡献。法庭在适用临时措施的过程中,对"紧急情况"的认定是关键因素之一。而目前,法庭在"紧急情况"的认定过程中存在自由裁量权较大和认定标准不明确等问题。本文用五部分内容对"紧急情况"的认定进行分析研究。一、临时措施与"紧急情况"概述。临时措施以其非实质性、必要性和临时性的特点成为法庭案件涉及最多的制度。"紧急情况"作为临时措施的必要条件之一,是指存在一种真实而迫在眉睫、不可弥补的损害。二、"紧急情况"的认定理由和认定依据。临时措施的性质决定了 "紧急情况"是其必要条件之一。因而,适用临时措施时必须对"紧急情况"进行认定。而"紧急情况"认定的主要依据是《联合国海洋法公约》第290条第1款和第5款,以及《法庭规则》第89条第3款和第4款。三、"紧急情况"的认定标准。"紧急情况"的认定标准主要包括危险性标准和紧急性标准两个方面。危险性标准是指存在"真实的不可弥补的损害"。紧急性标准是指情况"迫在眉睫"。四、"紧急情况"认定过程中的其他问题。"紧急情况"的认定过程中常常遇到"科学不确定性"。这使得认定变得更加复杂。"预防原则"作为国际环境法中的一个重要概念,将其与"科学不确定性"结合起来,非常有助于"紧急情况"的认定。五、"紧急情况"认定的启示。法庭关于"紧急情况"的认定标准主要来自法律规定、法庭实践以及对其他国际司法机构的借鉴。法庭有必要明确"紧急情况"的认定标准。我国至今尚未在法庭有过临时措施案件的实践。加强对"紧急情况"认定的研究有利于我国海洋权益的保护。
[Abstract]:Interim measures are one of the important systems of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. It has made great contributions to the settlement of maritime disputes and the maintenance of maritime order. In the application of interim measures, the court's determination of "emergency" is one of the key factors. At present, the court in the process of "emergency" in the process of discretion is large and the criteria are not clear and so on. This paper uses five parts to analyze and study the identification of "emergency". I. Overview of interim measures and "emergencies". Interim measures, with their non-substantive, necessary and provisional characteristics, have become the most involved regime in Tribunal cases. " An emergency, as a necessary condition for an interim measure, refers to the existence of a real and imminent, irreparable damage. Second, the reason and basis for the determination of "emergency". The nature of the interim measures determines that "emergency" is one of its necessary conditions. Therefore, the "emergency" must be determined when the interim measure is applied. The "emergency" is determined mainly on the basis of article 290, paragraphs 1 and 5, of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and article 89, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the rules of the Tribunal. Thirdly, the identification standard of "emergency". The criterion of "emergency" mainly includes two aspects: hazard standard and emergency standard. Risk criteria refer to the existence of "real irreparable damage". The criterion of urgency is that the situation is "imminent". Fourth, other problems in the identification process of "emergency". "scientific uncertainty" is often encountered in the identification of "emergency". As an important concept in international environmental law, the "precautionary principle", combined with "scientific uncertainty", is very helpful to the determination of "emergency". Fifth, the revelation of "emergency". The standards of the court's determination of "emergency" mainly come from legal provisions, court practice and reference to other international judicial institutions. It is necessary for the court to clarify the criteria for determining an emergency. Up to now, our country has not had the practice of interim measure cases in court. Strengthening the research on the recognition of "emergency" is beneficial to the protection of marine rights and interests in China.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D993.5

【相似文献】