国际人权法视角下的蒙面禁令研究
发布时间：2018-11-15 20:51
【摘要】：在反对恐怖主义与保障人权的背景下,当前世界已有不少国家通过了禁止在公共场所穿戴蒙面罩袍的禁令。随着美国、欧洲不断激化的"穆斯林化"与"去穆斯林化",伊斯兰蒙面罩袍问题在世界范围内的讨论再次升温。本文主要内容分为三章,第一章对反对恐怖主义情势下各国出台的蒙面禁令进行了梳理,并对"蒙面禁令"进行了界定。本文认为,对于蒙面禁令的界定,重点在于"蒙面"涉及的蒙面罩袍或蒙面面纱的定义。鉴于各国立法中,逐渐淡化"蒙面面纱"的宗教性、倾向偏于中立的表述是一个趋势,加之为了避免变相将法案变成只针对穆斯林的禁令。本文将"蒙面面纱"定义为中性的、覆盖住人身体和面部的蒙面罩袍,而不专指穆斯林面纱和长袍;同时在条文中补充规定,其他宣扬宗教极端思想的服饰、佩戴或者使用徽章、器物、纪念品和标识同样禁止。这两点共同构成了对"蒙面禁令"的界定。第二章从理论上研究了蒙面禁令与国际人权保障的关系,在讨论了蒙面禁令引发的"侵犯人权说"与"保障人权说"两方对立观点之后,提出蒙面禁令是利于保障人权的。并从《世界人权宣言》、《经济、社会及文化权利国际公约》、《公民权利与政治权利国际公约》、《欧洲人权公约》等国际公约出发,从国际人权法上"权利克减"的理论角度,论证蒙面禁令可构成国际人权法中的权利克减,以及蒙面禁令构成权利克减的条件。第三章从实践上讨论了蒙面禁令的实施应当约束于怎样的国际人权保障准则,以不侵犯公民权利,并不被滥用。具体地,首先,从对欧洲人权法院等国外司法案例的解析中得出,蒙面禁令的合理适用至少须满足两个条件:(1)其实施具有明确法律依据;(2)其对权利的限制是为正当目的;其次,对中国已有的关于蒙面禁令的立法实践的特色与不足进行了点评,分析了当前立法具有的里程碑式意义,及有待完善的方面。
[Abstract]:Against the background of terrorism and the protection of human rights, many countries in the world have passed a ban on wearing masked robes in public places. With the growing "Muslim" and "deMuslim" of Europe in the United States, the issue of Islamic masked burqas has heated up around the world. The main content of this paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter combs the masked ban issued by various countries under the situation of terrorism, and defines the masked prohibition. This paper holds that the definition of masked ban focuses on the definition of masked gowns or veils. Given the tendency in national legislation to downplay the religious nature of the "veil of the face", a tendency to be neutral, and to avoid making the bill a ban on Muslims in disguise. In this paper, the "veil of face" is defined as neutral, covering the human body and face, not the Muslim veil and robe; It also adds that other clothing that propagandizes religious extremism, the wearing or use of badges, implements, souvenirs and signs are also prohibited. These two points together constitute the definition of "masked ban". The second chapter theoretically studies the relationship between masked prohibition and international human rights protection. After discussing the opposing viewpoints of "violation of human rights" and "protection of human rights" caused by masked ban, the author puts forward that masked prohibition is beneficial to the protection of human rights. Proceeding from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and political Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights, From the theoretical point of view of "derogation of rights" in international human rights law, it is demonstrated that masked prohibition can constitute derogation of rights in international human rights law, and the condition that masked prohibition constitutes derogation of rights. The third chapter discusses in practice what kind of international human rights guarantee standards should be bound to the implementation of masked prohibition so as not to violate civil rights and not be abused. Specifically, first of all, from the analysis of foreign judicial cases, such as the European Court of Human Rights, it is concluded that the reasonable application of masked injunctions must satisfy at least two conditions: (1) its implementation has a clear legal basis; (2) the restriction of rights is a legitimate purpose; secondly, the characteristics and deficiencies of the existing legislative practice on masked prohibition in China are reviewed, and the milestone significance of current legislation is analyzed, and the aspects to be improved are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D998.2
本文编号：2334423
[Abstract]:Against the background of terrorism and the protection of human rights, many countries in the world have passed a ban on wearing masked robes in public places. With the growing "Muslim" and "deMuslim" of Europe in the United States, the issue of Islamic masked burqas has heated up around the world. The main content of this paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter combs the masked ban issued by various countries under the situation of terrorism, and defines the masked prohibition. This paper holds that the definition of masked ban focuses on the definition of masked gowns or veils. Given the tendency in national legislation to downplay the religious nature of the "veil of the face", a tendency to be neutral, and to avoid making the bill a ban on Muslims in disguise. In this paper, the "veil of face" is defined as neutral, covering the human body and face, not the Muslim veil and robe; It also adds that other clothing that propagandizes religious extremism, the wearing or use of badges, implements, souvenirs and signs are also prohibited. These two points together constitute the definition of "masked ban". The second chapter theoretically studies the relationship between masked prohibition and international human rights protection. After discussing the opposing viewpoints of "violation of human rights" and "protection of human rights" caused by masked ban, the author puts forward that masked prohibition is beneficial to the protection of human rights. Proceeding from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and political Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights, From the theoretical point of view of "derogation of rights" in international human rights law, it is demonstrated that masked prohibition can constitute derogation of rights in international human rights law, and the condition that masked prohibition constitutes derogation of rights. The third chapter discusses in practice what kind of international human rights guarantee standards should be bound to the implementation of masked prohibition so as not to violate civil rights and not be abused. Specifically, first of all, from the analysis of foreign judicial cases, such as the European Court of Human Rights, it is concluded that the reasonable application of masked injunctions must satisfy at least two conditions: (1) its implementation has a clear legal basis; (2) the restriction of rights is a legitimate purpose; secondly, the characteristics and deficiencies of the existing legislative practice on masked prohibition in China are reviewed, and the milestone significance of current legislation is analyzed, and the aspects to be improved are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D998.2
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