中国履行烟草控制框架公约的法律评析

发布时间：2018-11-24 18:21

【摘要】：《烟草控制框架公约》是世界卫生组织主持制定的第一个国际公约，因为是框架公约，所以需要各缔约国通过制定或修改国内立法履行该公约规定的控烟措施。同时要求缔约国在公约对其生效后的五年内采取适宜的立法、行政措施，并按规定向缔约方会议报告。但是至今六年的时间里我国一直没有出台一部关于控烟的国家层面的法律。在这个现实背景下，首先通过规范分析法对公约的减少烟草需求措施和减少烟草供应措施这两大核心内容进行研究和分析，公约的控烟措施既有积极方面影响也有消极方面的影响，可知控烟措施的力度其实也是经济效益和社会效益权衡的一个标尺。其次运用比较分析法对比美国、新加坡、德国的控烟立法得出我国现有的控烟措施的法律法规在立法层次和内容完善上同上述国家有着差距。相比中央立法的缺失，我国的地方立法较为先进，北京、上海、天津、哈尔滨都出台了控烟的地方条例。通过横向对比以上四个城市的控烟条例的禁烟区域、个人权利和工作场所人员权利及职责承担方面内容，得出这四个地方控烟条例的优劣势所在。通过归纳分析法研究得出我国目前的控烟法律障碍在于一是控烟法律法规内容不完善、法律法规适用范围有限、法律责任不严，二是履约机制的领导机构既是运动员又是裁判员导致我国履行公约不积极。解决这些法律障碍首先要在立法上对内容进行完善，尤其是在禁止烟草广告、公共场所禁烟和烟草包装及烟草税收等方面，最后通过案例分析法得出我国应建立控烟措施的救济和保障体系，，以更好的履行公约的要求。
[Abstract]:The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control is the first international convention made under the auspices of the World Health Organization. Because it is a framework convention, it is necessary for all States parties to implement the tobacco control measures stipulated in the convention by making or modifying domestic legislation. States parties are also required to take appropriate legislative and administrative measures within five years of the entry into force of the Convention for them and to report to the Conference of the parties as required. But there has been no national-level law on tobacco control for six years. In this realistic context, first of all, through normative analysis of the Convention's tobacco demand reduction measures and tobacco supply reduction measures to carry out research and analysis of the two core elements, The tobacco control measures of the convention have both positive and negative effects. It can be seen that the intensity of tobacco control measures is also a yardstick of balancing economic and social benefits. Secondly, the comparative analysis method is used to compare the smoking control legislation of the United States, Singapore and Germany. It is concluded that the existing legislation and regulations of tobacco control measures in China are far from those of the above countries in terms of legislative level and content perfection. Compared with the absence of central legislation, China's local legislation is more advanced, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Harbin have issued smoking control local regulations. Through the horizontal comparison of the smoking control regulations of the above four cities, the content of the anti-smoking areas, the personal rights and the rights and responsibilities of the workers in the workplace, the advantages and disadvantages of the four local tobacco control regulations are obtained. Through the research of inductive analysis, the author finds that the main obstacles of smoking control in our country are: first, the content of tobacco control laws and regulations is not perfect, the scope of application of laws and regulations is limited, and the legal liability is not strict. The other is that the leading organization of the performance mechanism is both athlete and umpire, which causes our country not to carry out the convention actively. To solve these legal obstacles, we must first improve the content of the legislation, especially in the areas of banning tobacco advertising, banning smoking in public places and tobacco packaging and tobacco taxes, etc. Finally, through the case analysis, it is concluded that our country should establish the relief and safeguard system of tobacco control measures in order to better fulfill the requirements of the convention.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D99;D922.16

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