国际法院诉讼管辖权问题研究

发布时间：2018-11-25 13:55

【摘要】：国际法院是联合国的主要司法机构,也是国际司法体系中最具权威的国际争端解决机构。成立了60多年的国际法院,在解决国际争端中发挥了重大的作用,有效地维护了国际秩序的稳定。国际法院之所以能发挥如此重大的作用,来源于国际社会赋予它的管辖权。国际法院的管辖权分为诉讼管辖权与咨询管辖权,本文着重研究国际法院的诉讼管辖权。国际法院的诉讼管辖权不同于国内法院的诉讼管辖权,它并不具有强制性。国际法院管辖权的基础来源于国家主权的自愿让渡。这是因为,国际社会是一个平权社会,并不存在一个凌驾于国家主权之上的中央权威机关。由于国家法院诉讼管辖权的这一特殊性,它一直是国际司法领域倍受关注的问题。国际社会还未对国际法以及国际司法体系形成普遍信仰,国际法院的诉讼管辖权依然面临许多的问题和挑战。国际法院的诉讼管辖权遵循国家同意的原则,为此,国际法院建立了一套独立的管辖权体系,以《国际法院规约》和《联合国宪章》作为其法律依据。该体系肯定是建立在国家同意的基础之上的,与此同时它也是薄弱的。当主权国家需要通过国际法院来解决其争端的时候时,就会主动接受国际法院的管辖;但是当主权国家认为将一些争端交由国际法院解决会损害其自身利益时,就会以各种方式规避国际法院的管辖。本文首先对国际法院的诉讼管辖作了一个系统的综述,在此基础上,着重探讨和研究目前国际法院面临几项主要问题:可受理性问题存在模糊判定、自动保留条款制约了国际法院管辖权的管辖权、国际法院延迟同意管辖权难以获得成员国一致信任、成员国任择条款的保留大幅削弱了国际法院的任意强制管辖权。文章的第三部分通过评述中国对国际法院的历史态度从而试图去寻找中国接受国际法院管辖的可能性。
[Abstract]:The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations and the most authoritative international dispute settlement body in the international judicial system. The International Court of Justice, which has been established for more than 60 years, has played an important role in the settlement of international disputes and effectively maintained the stability of the international order. The International Court of Justice can play such a significant role from the international community to give it jurisdiction. The jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice is divided into litigation jurisdiction and advisory jurisdiction. The jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice is different from that of the domestic courts, and it is not mandatory. The jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice is based on the voluntary transfer of state sovereignty. This is because the international community is an equal-power society and there is no central authority above national sovereignty. Due to the particularity of the jurisdiction of national courts, it has always been a matter of great concern in the field of international justice. The international community has not yet formed a universal belief in international law and the international judicial system, and the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice still faces many problems and challenges. The jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice follows the principle of the consent of the State. For this reason, the Court has established an independent system of jurisdiction based on the Statute of the International Court of Justice and the Charter of the United Nations. The system must be based on national consent, but it is also weak. When sovereign States need to settle their disputes through the International Court of Justice, they take the initiative to accept the jurisdiction of the Court; But when sovereign states believe that it would be detrimental to their own interests to refer some disputes to the International Court of Justice, they circumvent the Court's jurisdiction in various ways. This paper first makes a systematic overview of the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice, and on this basis, focuses on the discussion and study of several main problems facing the International Court of Justice at present: the existence of fuzzy decisions on admissibility. The automatic reservation clause restricts the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice, which is difficult to obtain the unanimous trust of the member States. The reservation of the optional clause greatly weakens the arbitrary compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice. The third part attempts to find out the possibility of China accepting the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice by commenting on China's historical attitude towards the International Court of Justice.
【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D99

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