论国际贸易中的国际劳工标准及对中国的影响和对策

发布时间：2018-11-26 20:06

【摘要】：随着经济全球化的深入，国际劳工标准越来越成为法学和国际经贸领域的热点。国际劳工标准，在国际贸易中也被称之为蓝色贸易壁垒，指的是某些进口国家对于那些不符合劳动法规、侵犯工人的基本权益生产的商品不给予某些优惠待遇或者禁止进口。从法理学的角度来说,劳工标准是对特殊群体人权的尊重和保护,是社会公正地体现。在这个问题上，发达国家和发展中国家对此产生了严重的分歧。发达国家认为，贸易的发展最终是为了人的需求，如果人们需要的商品是在不人道的、不符合人权的情况下生产的，则就背离了社会发展的目的。所以要对这种行为予以谴责，有必要把它纳入到WTO的框架内，制定全球通一的判断、制裁标准。发展中国家则认为，劳工标准归根结底属于一国内部法律调整的范畴，，它的高低和该国的经济社会发展水平息息相关。由于各国的发展情况不同，不可能制定全球通一的标准。发达国家之所以在国际劳工标准问题上频频发难，实则在搞新式的贸易保护主义。虽然发展中国家对发达国家将国际劳工标准纳入WTO的提议深恶痛绝，在ＧＡＴＴ和ＷＴＯ的历次部长级会议上都予以了坚决的斗争。但全球范围内的提高劳工待遇、关注劳工的生活和工作环境的呼声越来越高，特别是西方的消费者运动更是将这一情况带到了一个新的高潮，从某种程度上说，这也是大势所趋和普遍的潮流。从另一方面来说，国际劳工标准的确在很多方面造成了较大的影响。对于中国而言，这种影响不但范围广而且后果也很严重。一方面使我国的出口贸易摩擦不断，另一方面国内劳资对立的矛盾日益尖锐。对国际劳工标准对我国造成的上述两方面的影响，本文认为要减少日益增加的国际贸易摩擦必须将国际劳工标准纳入ＷＴＯ框架内，以便使因此所引发的贸易争端得以合理、公正地解决；对于日趋严重的国内劳资矛盾要完善国内的劳动立法，以期和国际接轨，切实提高和改善劳动工人的待遇，从而从根本上把国际劳工标准问题及其带来的影响解决。全文分引言、正文和结束语三部分，共约四万字。全文共五部分。第一部分是国际劳工标准概述。主要介绍了国际劳工标准概念和发展历程。在此基础上，揭示出国际劳工标准的法理基础，接着叙述国际劳工标准的法律渊源，试图把国际劳工标准及其相关知识做一个完整全面的论述。第二部分注重介绍国际劳工标准同国际贸易相挂钩及其引发的争论。这一部分从篇章结构上很重要，它把单纯的劳工问题和贸易问题联系起来，从而使研究具有了新意。在该部分中，首先从产品成本入手，引出劳工标准同国际贸易的关系。接着谈国际劳工标准同国际贸易相联系的发展历程，发达国家和发展中国家在此问题上的分歧，分析它们的理论支持，最后指出其实质。第三部分主要是讲国际劳工标准对中国的影响。表现在两个大的方面，一是对我国的外贸造成的影响，即针对中国出口产品因劳工标准问题被频频提起的反倾销、反补贴调查，导致贸易摩擦不断；二是国内的劳资矛盾不断激化、升级，有的造成了相当严重后果。第四部分主要是把国际劳工标准问题纳入ＷＴＯ的设想。从必要性和可行性的角度，论述纳入ＷＴＯ的设想。当然，这种设想也是有充分根据的，即有必要的纳入WTO的模式，也就是把ILO和WTO的有机融合，各取所长，共同发挥优势。第五部分主要是围绕国际核心劳工标准同我国劳动立法的不同，提出完善的立法对策。具体来讲，在工人的结社权和集体谈判权方面要尽早批准该公约，完善工会法。在废除强迫劳动方面，加大劳动执法力度，废除劳动教养制度。对于平等就业权，必要时实行劳动用工的备案制度。在废除童工方面，除了加强立法和执法外，大力发展教育也是可行的途径之一。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the economic globalization, the international labor standard has become a hot spot in the fields of law and international economy and trade. International labour standards, also referred to as blue trade barriers in international trade, refer to certain importing countries that do not give preferential treatment to or prohibit the import of goods that are not in conformity with labour regulations and that violate the basic rights and interests of workers. From the angle of jurisprudence, the labour standard is the respect and protection of the human rights of special groups, which is a social justice. In this regard, the developed and developing countries have made a serious difference in this regard The developed countries are of the view that the development of trade is ultimately for the needs of human beings, which, if they need to be produced in inhuman and non-conformity with human rights, is a departure from social development Therefore, it is necessary to condemn this behavior, and it is necessary to include it in the framework of the WTO and make a global judgment and sanction. The developing countries are of the view that the labour standards, in the final analysis, fall within the scope of the internal legal adjustment of the State, its level and the level of economic and social development of the country Related. Since the development of countries is different, it is not possible to develop a global one The standard is that the developed countries have become more and more difficult to deal with international labour standards and are in the process of developing new trade protection Although the proposal of the developing countries to integrate the international labour standards into the WTO in the developed countries is very bad, they are given at all the ministerial meetings of the GATT and the WTO The strong struggle, but the increasing demand for labour in the global context, the increasing demand for labour and the growing voice of the working environment, especially the Western consumer movement, has brought this situation to a new high tide, which, to a certain extent, is the trend of the trend. On the other hand, international labour standards are, on the other hand, created in many ways A great impact. For China, this impact is not only wide and after The fruit is also very serious. On the one hand, China's export trade is friction, and on the other hand, the domestic and labor opposing spears The impact of international labour standards on the two aspects of China, which is caused by the international labour standards, is to reduce the increasing international trade friction and to incorporate the international labour standards into the WTO framework, so that the trade disputes arising therefrom can be In order to improve and improve the treatment of the working workers, the international labor standard should be improved and improved in a reasonable and just way, with a view to improving and improving the treatment of the working workers in the face of the increasingly serious domestic labor contradiction, so as to fundamentally solve the problems of international labor standards and The full text is the introduction, the body and the knot. The three parts of the bundle. About 40,000 words. The full text is five parts. The first part is an overview of the International Labour Standards. On this basis, the legal basis of the international labor standard is revealed, then the legal origin of the international labor standard is described, and the international labor standards and the international labor standards are tried to be applied. The second part focuses on the introduction of international labour The standard is linked to the international trade and the controversy it has caused. This part is important in the structure of the text, and it puts a simple labor issue and trade The problem is linked to make the research new. In this section, first of all, from the product cost starting with the relationship between the labor standard and the international trade, and then the development of the international labor standard and the international trade, the differences between the developed countries and the developing countries on this issue, Analyze their theoretical support, and finally point out the essence. The third part is mainly about the influence of the international labor standard on China. In two big respects, one is the influence on China's foreign trade, that is, the anti-dumping and anti-subsidy investigation that the Chinese export product has been brought up frequently due to the labor standard problem, leading to the trade. to wipe out; two are the domestic spears. The shield is intensifying, upgrading, and causing considerable serious consequences. The fourth part is the idea of integrating the international labor standard into the WTO From the angle of necessity and feasibility, the article discusses the idea of the integration into the WTO. Of course, this kind of vision is fully based, that is, it is necessary to include the model of the WTO, i. e. I. The fifth part is the international integration of the LO and the WTO, and the fifth part is around the world The core labor standard is different from that of our country's labor legislation, and put forward the perfect legislative countermeasure. The right to association and the right to collective bargaining should be ratified as soon as possible in order to improve the trade union law. The abolition of forced labour, the strengthening of labour law enforcement and the abolition of the labour education in that case of the abolition of child labour,
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1

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