北极核污染治理的法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-11-27 09:10

【摘要】：东西双方进行了长时间的冷战之后,世界各个大国的核设施也在不停地向前进步,北极这片土地因此蒙上了核污染的阴影。位于北极范围内的北冰洋的在环境方面的性质也发生了转变,渐渐由部分性变为世界上各个地方需要携手直面的毁灭性遭遇。北冰洋的核污染,造成了海域内周围状况的急剧衰退,此类别的放射状况的物质既侵扰着海域内生命物体的生存处境,更深的是扰乱了在海洋深处生活的物体与其整个生存状态体系的协调和谐。最为重要的是在此中背景下,人类的体质良好发展遭遇到威胁。整个地球上的物体运动呈现出一定的规律性,洋流也是如此,因此北冰洋的核方面的污染物质随之扩散至世界的各个角落,其危害性也是世界性的。北极的整个生态境况很久以来都寄予着很大的利用潜能,可惜其也是特别容易受到干扰的,由此此地域内的核污染处理对策的斟酌意味深长。与这些问题同步产生的还有所有各个国家在海域内可利用能源的配置,海上交通要道的前景等都与北极核污染息息相关,也是人类眼光放置的着力点。伴着北极蕴藏的可用的潜在物质的渐渐发掘,北极上新的海上道路的适用,人类逐步频发的行为使得北极的静谧安宁在一点点的被侵扰。北极领域内的生命体状况与整个地球上的其他地方相比更易被破坏,因此它的生态体系与全球的有着共呼吸的紧密联系。以上这些都说明,在人类未来对北极内的所有行为都要把保护生态作为第一要点,也应本着和平开发,共谋合作的目标行动,事先对各自的活动范围和后果承担加以确定,以防止各方产生冲突。为了使得北极的生态环境能够得到永久的维持,一个关于北极的生态保护的国际性质的法律规范的建立是必要的,当然这尤其需要各个国家和组织的共同沟通与协作。核设施、核能运用引发的多次核事件、核相关的恐怖主义等的日益发展给北极核污染治理带来了更为严重的问题。北极核污染的应对程序中,《伦敦公约》、《联合国海洋法公约》等国际性质的条约起着至关重要的影响,北极理事会等与此紧密相连机构和组织也对此奉献出自己应尽的职责。然而,北极给世界所带来的可观资源供给引发的各方争战越发激烈,集中表现在军事污染来源的排除适用;国家责任的不当免除;国际合作的限制等方面。对此,北极核污染治理的法律法规需要进行逐步的完善来适应目前所面临的特殊境况。
[Abstract]:After a long cold war between the east and the west, the nuclear facilities of the world's great powers are moving forward, and the land of the Arctic has been overshadowed by nuclear pollution. The environmental nature of the Arctic Ocean in the Arctic has also changed from partial to devastating experiences in all parts of the world that need to be confronted hand in hand. The nuclear contamination of the Arctic Ocean has caused a sharp decline in the surrounding conditions in the sea area, and this type of radioactive material has invaded the living conditions of living objects in the sea area, What is more, it disturbs the harmony of objects living in the depths of the ocean and their whole living state system. The most important thing is that in this context, the good development of human constitution is threatened. The movement of objects on the whole earth is regular, and so is the ocean current. Therefore, the nuclear pollution of the Arctic Ocean spreads to every corner of the world, and its harmfulness is worldwide. The entire ecological environment of the Arctic has long placed great potential for utilization, but it is also particularly vulnerable to interference, so the nuclear pollution treatment in the region has profound implications. These problems are accompanied by the allocation of energy available to all countries in the sea area, the prospect of sea transportation routes and so on, which are closely related to the nuclear pollution of the Arctic, and are also the focus of human eyes. With the discovery of the potential material available in the Arctic, the application of new sea roads in the Arctic, and the frequent human behavior, the tranquillity of the Arctic is disturbed by a little bit. The state of life in the Arctic is more vulnerable to destruction than the rest of the planet, so its ecosystem is closely linked to global respiration. All this suggests that conservation of ecology should be the first priority for all future human behaviour in the Arctic, should also be based on the objective of peaceful development, cooperation and prior determination of the scope and consequences of their respective activities, To prevent conflict between the parties. In order to maintain the ecological environment of the Arctic permanently, it is necessary to establish an international legal norm on the ecological protection of the Arctic, which, of course, requires the joint communication and cooperation of various countries and organizations. The development of nuclear facilities, nuclear energy applications, nuclear incidents and nuclear related terrorism has brought more serious problems to the control of nuclear pollution in the Arctic. Treaties of an international nature, such as the London Convention and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, play a crucial role in the response procedures for nuclear pollution in the Arctic, The Arctic Council and other closely linked institutions and organizations also devote their responsibilities to it. However, the significant supply of resources brought by the Arctic to the world has led to more and more fierce fighting between the parties, mainly in the exclusion of the sources of military pollution, the improper exemption of national responsibility, and the restrictions on international cooperation, and so on. Therefore, the Arctic nuclear pollution control laws and regulations need to be improved step by step to adapt to the special situation.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D996.9

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