欧盟平衡人格权与言论自由的立法实践——以人格权侵权法律适用规则之立法尝试为视角

发布时间：2018-12-10 22:26

【摘要】：欧盟在酝酿非合同之债法律适用统一规则即《罗马条例Ⅱ》的过程中,开启了人格权侵权统一冲突法立法尝试。2003年《欧委会建议案》与2005年《欧洲议会决议案》中的人格权侵权法律适用条款,即是这一尝试的初步成果。二者形式上表现为"损害发生地法"与"加害行为地法"之争,实质上却反映出在人格权保护与言论自由保障的政策平衡问题上,各成员国之间尚存较大分歧。欧盟虽仍坚持在《罗马条例Ⅱ》框架下统一人格权侵权法律适用规则,但新近立法协调成果最终能否获得普遍接受尚待观察。欧盟经验表明,对于人格权侵权法律适用规则的构建,宜摒弃传统属地性规则,采用蕴含政策导向方法的最密切联系地法原则;对于人格权侵权中特殊救济措施问题准据法的确定,宜采用"分割论"而非"统一论"。
[Abstract]:In the process of preparing uniform rules for the application of law on non-contractual debts, that is, Rome Regulation II, It opens the legislative attempt of the unified conflict law of personal right infringement, which is the preliminary achievement of the trial. The 2003 proposal of the European Commission and the applicable provisions of the law applicable to the infringement of personality rights in the Resolution of the European Parliament in 2005 are the preliminary achievements of this attempt. In form, there is a dispute between the law of the place where the damage occurred and the law of the place of the injurious act, but in essence it reflects the policy balance between the protection of personality rights and the guarantee of freedom of speech, and there are still great differences among the member countries. Although the EU still insists on unifying the applicable rules of the infringement of personality rights under the framework of "Rome Regulation II", whether the new legislative harmonization results can be accepted in the end remains to be seen. The experience of EU shows that, for the construction of applicable rules of personality right infringement law, we should abandon the traditional territoriality rule and adopt the most closely related law principle which contains the policy-oriented method. To determine the applicable law of the special relief measures in the infringement of personality right, we should adopt the theory of division rather than the theory of unification.
【作者单位】：中南财经政法大学法学院;
【基金】：%E5%AE%9E%E6%96%BD%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E3%80%8B(%E7%BC%96%E5%8F%B7:11AFX016)%E7%9A%84%E9%98%B6%E6%AE%B5%E6%80%A7%E6%88%90%E6%9E%9C" target="_blank">2011年度国家社科基金重点项目《<涉外民事关系法律适用法>实施问题研究》(编号:11AFX016)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D998.2

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