对华特别保障措施研究

发布时间：2018-12-11 01:31

【摘要】：2001年12月11日,中国加入世贸组织时,尚被认为是非市场经济国家,一些WTO成员担心入世后我国产品出口会快速增长,冲击和损害其国内市场和国内产业,因此在《中国加入世贸组织议定书》中添加了第16条“特定产品过渡性保障机制”,并在《中国加入工作组报告书》中第245-250段做出了具体规定。此后,很多国家已经据此制订了相应的国内法,并在实践中对我国进口产品实施特别保障措施。由于我国经济发展迅速,所以其他WTO成员国已经开始对我国产品的大量进口频繁地使用特别保障机制(虽然除了轮胎特保案外都未真正实施),对我国出口贸易非常不利。本文正是在此背景下,从特别保障措施的确立背景入手,结合保障措施分析其特点、实施要件,随后通过分析特别保障措施和WTO基本原则的关系,指出其不合理,并提出了具体的法律对策,以期对实践有所帮助。所以,本文对特别保障措施的探讨共分为四个部分：第一部分介绍了特别保障措施的确立背景、特别保障措施和一般保障措施的区别即特别保障措施的特点；第二部分论述了实施特别保障措施的实体要件和程序要件,其中实体要件是指市场扰乱和重大贸易转移,程序要件则包括调查、磋商、公布与听证及通知；第三部分结合特别保障措施的基本规定,分析其与WTO的基本原则的关系,指出其违背了WTO的非歧视原则、自由贸易原则、公平竞争原则及给予发展中国家优惠待遇原则；第四部分提出了四条具体的法律对策：解释相关条款含义；完善我国特别保障措施方面法规；积极介入调查过程,重视磋商；适时适用WTO争端解决机制。
[Abstract]:On December 11, 2001, when China joined the WTO, it was still regarded as a non-market economy country. Some WTO members worried that China's product exports would grow rapidly after China's entry into the WTO, which would impact and damage its domestic market and domestic industries. Therefore, article 16 "Transitional safeguard mechanism for specific products" has been added to the Protocol on China's accession to the WTO, and paragraphs 245-250 of the report of the working Party on China's accession to the WTO have made specific provisions. Since then, many countries have formulated corresponding domestic laws and implemented special safeguard measures on our import products in practice. Due to the rapid economic development of our country, other WTO member countries have started to use the special safeguard mechanism frequently to import a large number of Chinese products (although none of them are really implemented except the tire special protection case), which is very disadvantageous to China's export trade. It is under this background that this paper starts with the establishment background of special safeguard measures, analyzes its characteristics and implementing elements in combination with safeguard measures, and then points out that it is unreasonable by analyzing the relationship between special safeguard measures and the basic principles of WTO. And has proposed the concrete legal countermeasure, hoped to have the help to the practice. Therefore, the discussion of special safeguard measures in this paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the background of the establishment of special safeguard measures, the difference between special safeguard measures and general safeguard measures, that is, the characteristics of special safeguard measures; The second part discusses the substantive and procedural elements of the implementation of special safeguard measures, in which the substantive elements refer to market disruption and major trade transfer, while the procedural elements include investigation, consultation, publication and hearing and notification; The third part analyzes the relationship between the special safeguard measures and the basic principles of WTO, and points out that it violates the principle of non-discrimination, free trade, fair competition and preferential treatment of developing countries. The fourth part puts forward four specific legal countermeasures: to explain the meaning of relevant clauses; to perfect the laws and regulations on special safeguard measures; to actively intervene in the investigation process and attach importance to consultation; and to apply the WTO dispute settlement mechanism in due course.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1

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