北极理事会观察员制度的国际法审视及中国因应
发布时间：2018-12-11 15:05
【摘要】：随着全球变暖和北极海冰融化范围的逐步扩大，如何更好地开发和利用北极成为目前国际事务中的一个重要议题。面对北极地区的新形势，环北极八国成立了一个政府间的高级论坛——北极理事会，，这为各国开展相互交流与合作提供了有利平台。同时，北极理事会也具有一定的开放性。除正式成员方之外，北极理事会还接纳符合条件的非北极主权国家和国际组织以观察员的身份参与到理事会的具体事务之中。2013年5月，北极理事会的第八次部长级会议在基律纳召开，在会议上，中国正式取得了观察员身份，成为理事会的观察员国家，迈出了参与北极治理里程碑式的重要一步。目前，国内针对北极理事会的研究还并不多见，对其中观察员制度的探讨更是少之又少。借助中国新近取得观察员身份的契机，弥补这方面国际法研究中的空白具有重要意义。本文对北极理事会中的观察员制度进行国际法方面的审视。在此基础上，分析中国作为观察员国家所拥有的权利空间和受到的限制，并提出中国的应对战略。 从结构上看，本文一共分为六个部分，绪论和结论之外，正文部分又具体划分成四章。 第一章是“北极理事会的法律属性及其在北极治理中的转型”。首先，本部分详细阐述了北极理事会的基本问题，包括理事会的产生与发展历史、组成及具体运转等问题。在此基础上，提出了北极理事会的国际法属性，目前的北极理事会仍是一个环北极八国政府间的高级论坛。面对北极国际局势与北极治理的新发展，北极理事会的立法功能逐渐体现，这种新功用的出现将会极大地推动北极治理取得新进展，北极理事会正在完成向区域性政府间国际组织的转变。 第二章是“北极理事会观察员制度的基本内容”。本部分从观察员制度的形成和发展出发，介绍了观察员制度的基本问题。接着，又分别按照权利范围和成员性质划分了北极理事会观察员的构成。最后，重点分析了《观察员手册》指导下的北极理事会观察员制度的具体内容，包括北极理事会观察员的资格取得和具体的参会制度。 第三章是“北极理事会观察员制度对北极法律新秩序的影响”。这部分从国际法的另一角度对北极理事会观察员制度进行了审视，分析了其对于北极法律新秩序的影响。具体又包括对北极法律制度走向的影响和对北极法律争端解决的影响两个方面。 第四章是“中国面临的局势与因应”。研究北极理事会的观察员制度，其根本落脚点在于研究中国所面临的局势与应对之策。本章具体分为三部分内容，其中，观察员身份对于中国北极权益的积极影响和使中国受到的限制分别从正反两个方面对中国成为北极理事会观察员的问题进行了详细论证。在此基础上，提出了中国的应对战略。
[Abstract]:With the gradual expansion of the range of global warming and Arctic sea ice melting, how to better exploit and utilize the Arctic has become an important issue in current international affairs. In the face of the new situation in the Arctic region, the eight countries around the Arctic have set up a high-level intergovernmental forum, the Arctic Council, which provides a favorable platform for the exchange and cooperation among countries. At the same time, the Arctic Council also has a certain degree of openness. In addition to its full membership, the Arctic Council also admits eligible non-Arctic sovereign States and international organizations to participate as observers in the specific affairs of the Council. In May 2013, At the eighth ministerial meeting of the Arctic Council, held in Kiruna, China formally obtained observer status, became an observer state of the Council, and took an important step forward in participating in the milestone of Arctic governance. At present, there are few researches on Arctic Council in China, especially on observer system. It is of great significance to take advantage of China's new observer status to fill the gaps in the study of international law in this area. This paper examines the observer system in the Arctic Council in international law. On this basis, this paper analyzes the power space and limitation of China as an observer country, and puts forward its countermeasures. From the structural point of view, this paper is divided into six parts, in addition to the introduction and conclusion, the text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is the legal attribute of Arctic Council and its transformation in Arctic governance. First of all, this part elaborates the basic problems of the Arctic Council, including the history, composition and operation of the Council. On this basis, the international law attribute of the Arctic Council is proposed. The current Arctic Council is still a high-level forum between the eight governments around the Arctic. In the face of the international situation in the Arctic and the new development of Arctic governance, the legislative function of the Arctic Council is gradually reflected. The emergence of this new function will greatly promote new progress in Arctic governance. The Arctic Council is completing the transition to a regional intergovernmental international organization. The second chapter is the basic content of the Arctic Council Observer system. This part introduces the basic problems of observer system from the formation and development of observer system. Then, the composition of the Arctic Council observers is divided according to the scope of power and the nature of membership. Finally, the detailed contents of the Arctic Council observer system under the guidance of the Observer Manual are analyzed, including the qualification of the Arctic Council observer and the specific participation system. The third chapter is the influence of the Arctic Council Observer system on the new Arctic legal order. This part examines the observer system of the Arctic Council from another angle of international law and analyzes its influence on the new legal order of the Arctic. It also includes two aspects: the influence on the trend of Arctic legal system and the influence on Arctic legal dispute settlement. The fourth chapter is the situation and response of China. The fundamental purpose of studying the observer system of the Arctic Council is to study the situation and countermeasures faced by China. This chapter is divided into three parts, among which, the positive impact of observer status on China's Arctic rights and interests and the limitations on China are discussed in detail from the positive and negative aspects. On this basis, put forward China's coping strategy.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D993.9
本文编号：2372761
[Abstract]:With the gradual expansion of the range of global warming and Arctic sea ice melting, how to better exploit and utilize the Arctic has become an important issue in current international affairs. In the face of the new situation in the Arctic region, the eight countries around the Arctic have set up a high-level intergovernmental forum, the Arctic Council, which provides a favorable platform for the exchange and cooperation among countries. At the same time, the Arctic Council also has a certain degree of openness. In addition to its full membership, the Arctic Council also admits eligible non-Arctic sovereign States and international organizations to participate as observers in the specific affairs of the Council. In May 2013, At the eighth ministerial meeting of the Arctic Council, held in Kiruna, China formally obtained observer status, became an observer state of the Council, and took an important step forward in participating in the milestone of Arctic governance. At present, there are few researches on Arctic Council in China, especially on observer system. It is of great significance to take advantage of China's new observer status to fill the gaps in the study of international law in this area. This paper examines the observer system in the Arctic Council in international law. On this basis, this paper analyzes the power space and limitation of China as an observer country, and puts forward its countermeasures. From the structural point of view, this paper is divided into six parts, in addition to the introduction and conclusion, the text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is the legal attribute of Arctic Council and its transformation in Arctic governance. First of all, this part elaborates the basic problems of the Arctic Council, including the history, composition and operation of the Council. On this basis, the international law attribute of the Arctic Council is proposed. The current Arctic Council is still a high-level forum between the eight governments around the Arctic. In the face of the international situation in the Arctic and the new development of Arctic governance, the legislative function of the Arctic Council is gradually reflected. The emergence of this new function will greatly promote new progress in Arctic governance. The Arctic Council is completing the transition to a regional intergovernmental international organization. The second chapter is the basic content of the Arctic Council Observer system. This part introduces the basic problems of observer system from the formation and development of observer system. Then, the composition of the Arctic Council observers is divided according to the scope of power and the nature of membership. Finally, the detailed contents of the Arctic Council observer system under the guidance of the Observer Manual are analyzed, including the qualification of the Arctic Council observer and the specific participation system. The third chapter is the influence of the Arctic Council Observer system on the new Arctic legal order. This part examines the observer system of the Arctic Council from another angle of international law and analyzes its influence on the new legal order of the Arctic. It also includes two aspects: the influence on the trend of Arctic legal system and the influence on Arctic legal dispute settlement. The fourth chapter is the situation and response of China. The fundamental purpose of studying the observer system of the Arctic Council is to study the situation and countermeasures faced by China. This chapter is divided into three parts, among which, the positive impact of observer status on China's Arctic rights and interests and the limitations on China are discussed in detail from the positive and negative aspects. On this basis, put forward China's coping strategy.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D993.9
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