GATT第20条下中国资源出口保障措施研究
发布时间：2018-12-12 00:34
【摘要】：资源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础,也是当今国际政治、经济、军事和外交等关注的焦点。尤其是在经历了全球金融危机而经济亟待全面复苏的背景下,自然资源贸易在国际贸易中更是占有举足轻重的地位。 自改革开放以来,由于自然资源被长期滥开滥挖、重复开发和降价贱卖,中国的自然资源浪费十分严重。面对自然资源濒临枯竭的危险,为了经济的可持续发展,中国不得不采取自然资源出口保障措施。然而,作为最大的发展中贸易成员国,中国的自然资源出口限制等措施损害了WTO其他成员国的相关经济利益,诱发了一系列贸易争端。2004年,由于不满中国的焦炭出口配额等限制措施,欧盟向WTO争端解决机构提出申诉,以中国做出让步告终。2009年,美国、欧盟、墨西哥等三个成员国,又就中国自然资源限制出口提出申诉。 自然资源出口贸易之争的实质是国家利益之争,但是一旦将国际贸易争端提交WTO争端解决机构,则完全表现为法律规范问题。中国要捍卫本国的自然资源主权以及利用自然资源的权利,最可行的办法就是援引GATT第20条等一般例外条款,以法律手段为基础向WTO争端解决机构提起抗辩。 本文主要运用了规范分析方法和案例分析方法,致力于研究中国自然资源出口贸易的保障措施事宜。对于GATT第20条(g)项和GATT第20条序言的适用条件的解释,本文首先运用传统的规范分析方法探讨了法理问题,接着尝试结合GATT/WTO时期的进出口限制方面的典型案例展开分析,这是本文的创新之处。对于2004年的“中欧焦炭贸易争端”,本文在前文分析的基础上,援引GATT第20条进行自然资源出口保障的可行性分析。最后,针对中国的自然资源出口保障问题,本文提出一些粗浅的对策建议以抛砖引玉。 本文写作的基本框架是： 第一章是绪论,依次阐述了本文选题的背景和选题的意义,研究的思路和研究的方法,以及本文创新点和不足之处。 第二章分析了中国自然资源出口限制的WTO法律规范问题,依次介绍了中国自然资源出口限制案及其涉及的主要争议问题,分别从出口限制、出口税和GATT第20条对《加入议定书》的适用性等方面,对中国自然资源出口保障作法理分析。 第三章是对GATT/WTO第20条相关内容的解释。首先是对GATT第20条(g)项的解释：本文认为,中国政府要成功援引GATT第20条(g)项则必须注意三个方面,一是必须针对属于可用竭的自然资源,二是必须针对养护可用竭的自然资源,三是该措施要与国内的生产或消费一同实施；然后是对GATT第20条序言的解释：一是阐述序言的目的与功能,二是专门介绍GATT第20条(g)款与序言之间的逻辑适用顺序,三是从四个方面解释GATT第20条序言。 第四章是援引GATT第20条进行自然资源出口保障的可行性分析——以中欧焦炭贸易争端为例：首先综述了中欧焦炭贸易争端的案情,然后对该案的相关措施与GATT第20条进行相符性分析。 第五章是中国自然资源出口措施对策分析：一是确保资源出口限制措施契合GATT第20条；二是积极利用WTO争端解决机制,解决自然资源保障争端；三是建立稀缺资源保护机制,为合理限制出口奠定基础；四是完善资源保障措施的国内立法,使其与WTO法律接轨。 第六章是结论,简要总结了本文的基本内容,寄望本文的对策建议能够对即将面对的稀土案和以后可能出现的国际贸易争端有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:Resources are the important material basis for the survival and development of human society, and it is also the focus of international politics, economy, military and diplomacy. In particular, in the context of experiencing the global financial crisis and the economy needs to be fully recovered, the trade of natural resources plays a very important role in international trade. Since the reform and opening-up, China's natural resources are wasted because of the long-term exploitation of natural resources, repeated development and low prices. China has to take the export of natural resources to ensure the sustainable development of the economy in the face of the danger that natural resources are on the verge of exhaustion, and for the sustainable development of the economy However, as the largest developing trade member, China's restrictions on the export of natural resources have hurt the relevant economic interests of other members of the WTO, leading to a series of trade disputes. In 2004, as a result of the restrictions on the export quotas of coke in China, In 2009, the European Union and the European Union, Mexico and other Member States, in turn, made a decision on the export of China's natural resources v. The essence of the competition in the export trade of natural resources is the competition of the national interests, but once the international trade dispute is submitted to the WTO dispute settlement institution, it is completely represented as the law. The most feasible way to safeguard the sovereignty of the natural resources of the country and to use the natural resources is to invoke the general exceptions such as the GATT Article 20 and provide the WTO Dispute Settlement Body with the legal means. This paper mainly uses the standard analysis method and the case analysis method, and is committed to the research of the protection of China's natural resources export trade In the light of the interpretation of the application conditions of Article 20 (g) of GATT and Article 20 of GATT, this paper first discusses the legal issues by using the traditional method of standard analysis, and then attempts to analyze the typical case of import and export restriction in the period of GATT/ WTO, which is the text of this paper. In the 鈥淪ino-European coke trade dispute鈥，
本文编号：2373536
[Abstract]:Resources are the important material basis for the survival and development of human society, and it is also the focus of international politics, economy, military and diplomacy. In particular, in the context of experiencing the global financial crisis and the economy needs to be fully recovered, the trade of natural resources plays a very important role in international trade. Since the reform and opening-up, China's natural resources are wasted because of the long-term exploitation of natural resources, repeated development and low prices. China has to take the export of natural resources to ensure the sustainable development of the economy in the face of the danger that natural resources are on the verge of exhaustion, and for the sustainable development of the economy However, as the largest developing trade member, China's restrictions on the export of natural resources have hurt the relevant economic interests of other members of the WTO, leading to a series of trade disputes. In 2004, as a result of the restrictions on the export quotas of coke in China, In 2009, the European Union and the European Union, Mexico and other Member States, in turn, made a decision on the export of China's natural resources v. The essence of the competition in the export trade of natural resources is the competition of the national interests, but once the international trade dispute is submitted to the WTO dispute settlement institution, it is completely represented as the law. The most feasible way to safeguard the sovereignty of the natural resources of the country and to use the natural resources is to invoke the general exceptions such as the GATT Article 20 and provide the WTO Dispute Settlement Body with the legal means. This paper mainly uses the standard analysis method and the case analysis method, and is committed to the research of the protection of China's natural resources export trade In the light of the interpretation of the application conditions of Article 20 (g) of GATT and Article 20 of GATT, this paper first discusses the legal issues by using the traditional method of standard analysis, and then attempts to analyze the typical case of import and export restriction in the period of GATT/ WTO, which is the text of this paper. In the 鈥淪ino-European coke trade dispute鈥，
本文编号：2373536
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