跨界核损害赔偿制度初探
发布时间：2018-12-18 01:04
【摘要】：本世纪以来,核能作为一种新兴的能源已经在世界被广泛应用。在核能带来清洁和高效的能源的同时,也伴随有巨大的风险,跨界核损害及其赔偿制成为国际社会所关注的重要问题。积极推进核能领域的国际合作,在核损害赔偿制度国际公约的框架下,建立健全国内的核损害责任制度成为保护公众的利益和促进核工业的健康发展的必要之举。 本文包括引言、正文和结语三个部分。其中正文包括六部分： 第一部分为核能和平利用情况的概述,主要阐述了核能产生至今和平利用的几个历史阶段以及核能和平利用的优势和风险。第二部分介绍了跨界核损害的含义、特征和分类,即,人体侵害、财产损害、环境损害。根据1997年的《核损害补充公约》、《核损害民事责任维也纳公约》的规定,核损害的定义为：生命丧失或人身伤害；财产的损失或损害；经济损失,条件是有资格对所述损失或损害提出索赔的人员遭受了此种损失；受损害环境(轻微者除外)的恢复措施费用；由于环境的明显损害所引起的收入损失,而这种收入来自环境的任何利用或享用方面的经济利益；预防措施费用以及由此类措施引起的进一步损失或损害；环境损害所造成的损失以外的任何其他经济损失。第三部分阐述了核损害民事责任的一般理论,包括核损害责任的概念、性质、构成要件。同时还介绍了核损害民事责任制度中的：核损害民事责任制度集中制度、最高责任限额制度、强制责任保险和国家补充赔偿制度。第四部分阐述了核损害赔偿责任制度的国际立法,主要考察了：《巴黎公约》、《布鲁塞尔补充公约》、《维也纳公约》、《布鲁塞尔公约》、《维也纳议定书》、《核损害补充赔偿公约》的内容,并对各国际公约进行评价,第四部分为跨界核损害责任的外国立法,主要阐述了美国、英国及其他和发达国家的核损害责任法律制度。第五部分为跨界核损害赔偿的完善路径,通过分析国际核事故赔偿的实践,介绍相关双边和多边国际协定进而得出以国际公法的方式解决跨界损害赔偿问题的方法为最佳的解决途径。第六部分介绍我国法律责任制度,通过分析我国现有的核责任法律制度,提出相关立法设想,包括在民法层面对核损害责任作出全面规定,制定核能领域的基本法-《原子能法》,制定《核损害赔偿法》,适当考虑加入已有的核损害赔偿国际公约、与其他国家就跨界核损害赔偿问题签订双边或多边国际协定。
[Abstract]:Since this century, nuclear energy as a new energy has been widely used in the world. While nuclear energy brings clean and efficient energy, there are also huge risks, so transboundary nuclear damage and its compensation system have become an important concern of the international community. To actively promote international cooperation in the field of nuclear energy and to establish and improve domestic nuclear damage liability system within the framework of the international convention on nuclear damage compensation system has become a necessary measure to protect the interests of the public and promote the healthy development of the nuclear industry. This paper includes three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The main body includes six parts: the first part is an overview of the peaceful use of nuclear energy. It mainly describes several historical stages of peaceful use of nuclear energy and the advantages and risks of peaceful use of nuclear energy. The second part introduces the meaning, characteristics and classification of transboundary nuclear damage, that is, human body damage, property damage, environmental damage. According to the 1997 Supplementary Convention on Nuclear damage, the Vienna Convention on Civil liability for Nuclear damage defines nuclear damage as loss of life or personal injury, loss of or damage to property; (a) Economic losses, provided that the person entitled to claim for the losses or damage in question has suffered such losses; the cost of restoration measures for the damaged environment (except minor); Loss of income as a result of apparent damage to the environment, derived from any economic interest in the use or enjoyment of the environment; the cost of preventive measures and any further loss or damage resulting from such measures; Any economic loss other than that caused by environmental damage. The third part expounds the general theory of civil liability for nuclear damage, including the concept, nature and elements of nuclear damage liability. At the same time, it also introduces the system of civil liability for nuclear damage: the centralization of civil liability system for nuclear damage, the maximum liability limit system, the compulsory liability insurance system and the state supplementary compensation system. The fourth part describes the international legislation on the regime of liability for nuclear damage, and mainly examines: the Paris Convention, the Brussels Supplementary Convention, the Vienna Convention, the Brussels Convention, the Vienna Protocol, The contents of the Convention on Supplementary compensation for Nuclear damage and the evaluation of the international conventions. The fourth part is the foreign legislation on the liability for transboundary nuclear damage, which mainly expounds the legal system of nuclear damage liability of the United States, the United Kingdom and other developed countries. The fifth part is the perfect path of compensation for transboundary nuclear damage, through the analysis of the international nuclear accident compensation practice, This paper introduces relevant bilateral and multilateral international agreements and concludes that the best way to solve the problem of compensation for transboundary damage is to solve the problem of compensation for transboundary damage by means of public international law. The sixth part introduces the legal liability system of our country, through the analysis of the existing legal system of nuclear liability in China, puts forward the relevant legislative ideas, including the comprehensive regulation of nuclear damage liability in the level of civil law. The basic Law in the field of nuclear energy, the Atomic Energy Law, the Law on compensation for Nuclear damage, the proper consideration of joining the existing international conventions on compensation for nuclear damage, and the signing of bilateral or multilateral international agreements with other countries on the issue of compensation for transboundary nuclear damage.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D999.2
本文编号：2385052
[Abstract]:Since this century, nuclear energy as a new energy has been widely used in the world. While nuclear energy brings clean and efficient energy, there are also huge risks, so transboundary nuclear damage and its compensation system have become an important concern of the international community. To actively promote international cooperation in the field of nuclear energy and to establish and improve domestic nuclear damage liability system within the framework of the international convention on nuclear damage compensation system has become a necessary measure to protect the interests of the public and promote the healthy development of the nuclear industry. This paper includes three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The main body includes six parts: the first part is an overview of the peaceful use of nuclear energy. It mainly describes several historical stages of peaceful use of nuclear energy and the advantages and risks of peaceful use of nuclear energy. The second part introduces the meaning, characteristics and classification of transboundary nuclear damage, that is, human body damage, property damage, environmental damage. According to the 1997 Supplementary Convention on Nuclear damage, the Vienna Convention on Civil liability for Nuclear damage defines nuclear damage as loss of life or personal injury, loss of or damage to property; (a) Economic losses, provided that the person entitled to claim for the losses or damage in question has suffered such losses; the cost of restoration measures for the damaged environment (except minor); Loss of income as a result of apparent damage to the environment, derived from any economic interest in the use or enjoyment of the environment; the cost of preventive measures and any further loss or damage resulting from such measures; Any economic loss other than that caused by environmental damage. The third part expounds the general theory of civil liability for nuclear damage, including the concept, nature and elements of nuclear damage liability. At the same time, it also introduces the system of civil liability for nuclear damage: the centralization of civil liability system for nuclear damage, the maximum liability limit system, the compulsory liability insurance system and the state supplementary compensation system. The fourth part describes the international legislation on the regime of liability for nuclear damage, and mainly examines: the Paris Convention, the Brussels Supplementary Convention, the Vienna Convention, the Brussels Convention, the Vienna Protocol, The contents of the Convention on Supplementary compensation for Nuclear damage and the evaluation of the international conventions. The fourth part is the foreign legislation on the liability for transboundary nuclear damage, which mainly expounds the legal system of nuclear damage liability of the United States, the United Kingdom and other developed countries. The fifth part is the perfect path of compensation for transboundary nuclear damage, through the analysis of the international nuclear accident compensation practice, This paper introduces relevant bilateral and multilateral international agreements and concludes that the best way to solve the problem of compensation for transboundary damage is to solve the problem of compensation for transboundary damage by means of public international law. The sixth part introduces the legal liability system of our country, through the analysis of the existing legal system of nuclear liability in China, puts forward the relevant legislative ideas, including the comprehensive regulation of nuclear damage liability in the level of civil law. The basic Law in the field of nuclear energy, the Atomic Energy Law, the Law on compensation for Nuclear damage, the proper consideration of joining the existing international conventions on compensation for nuclear damage, and the signing of bilateral or multilateral international agreements with other countries on the issue of compensation for transboundary nuclear damage.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D999.2
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