国际商事交易中反腐败法律问题研究

发布时间：2019-01-03 15:27

【摘要】：人们普遍谴责腐败,可是腐败无处不在。政治腐败、官僚腐败、司法腐败、商事腐败,小腐败,大腐败,形形色色的腐败,相互交织,难以理清。腐败以各种形式存在。然不论何种腐败,其本质都是滥用职权,谋个人私利。被滥用的职权,在公,为全体人民委任,在私,则为当事人信托；在公,侵害了职务的廉洁性,在私,则违反了对信托人的忠诚义务。腐败引致危害,重则危及国家稳定,祸及全体人民福祉,轻也及于他人,损及公平公正,挑战道德底线。本文仅就国际商事交易中的腐败问题进行探讨,且仅限于部分问题,未能全部展开。未论及的问题,尚待以后认真研习。本文从四个部分对国际商事交易中的腐败问题进行论述,第一部分对本文研究的对象进行描述和界定,分别从国际商事交易中腐败的含义、腐败行为的构成及国际社会对这种腐败治理的立法进展情况进行讨论,认为经过近二十年的国际努力,国际商事交易中的腐败并未得到有效控制,因而有必要加强规制。在第一部分的基础上,第二部分主要探讨对国际商事交易中腐败行为的制裁,分别从制裁的原则和制裁的方式进行论述。在制裁的原则方面,根据国际反腐败公约的相关规定,抽象出制裁的有效性、相称性和劝阻性三个原则,作为对腐败行为制裁的指导原则。在制裁的方式方面,论及到刑事的和非刑事的方法,并就非刑事制裁方法作了倾向性的论述,认为在对腐败治理中,应充分利用非刑事的方法,特别是通过对腐败合同的效力否定和民事损害赔偿制度,对腐败行为人进行制裁,以增加对腐败行为制裁的效果。第三部分就国际商事交易中腐败行为的司法管辖权问题展开讨论,在对有关涉外案件管辖权的一般问题作一简单论述之后,重点探讨对国际商事交易中腐败行为的刑事司法管辖权问题,并对美国《反海外腐败行为》有关管辖权的司法实践进行分析评价,认为国际社会在对国际商事交易中腐败行为的管辖权上,存在着扩大管辖的趋势。第四部分就国际社会多年来对国际商事交易中腐败行为规制的效果进行分析,并就我国的相关法律制度进行探讨,提出修改完善的建议。就国际规制的效果而言,认为虽然经过多年的国际努力,各国都在国内法中就国际商事交易中的腐败行为的规制进行了立法完善,但各国的执法决心程度影响了规制的效果,总体上,国际规制的效果不太理想,以后的发展趋势应该是动员民间社会或者私营部门的积极参与,才会促进腐败的有效治理。在我国的相关法律制度方面,着重对新近的与此问题有关的立法进行了论述,认为刑法中对外国公职人员或者国际公共组织官员行贿罪的规定还有不足之处,需要进行适当的修改和完善,刑事诉讼法中的审判前违法所得没收制度也不足以对腐败行为人进行有效的制裁,需要在民事法律中赋予腐败行为受害人以损害赔偿的权利,且在合适的时候,对这种诉权主体予以扩大,并改造现行的刑事附带民事诉讼制度,扩大民众的参与,同时,还就与腐败治理相关的公职人员财产申报制度、举报人保护和奖励制度、腐败行为受害人损害赔偿制度进行了分析论证,提出相应的完善建议。认为仅依赖国家的公权力治理腐败是不够的,必须充分发动群众,让更多的人参与进来,才能有效地治理腐败。
[Abstract]:Corruption is widely condemned, but corruption is everywhere. Political corruption, bureaucratic corruption, judicial corruption, commercial corruption, small corruption, corruption, all kinds of corruption, cross-cutting, and difficulty It's clear. Corruption is in all forms. In no matter what kind of corruption, it is in its essence the abuse of power and personal gain. The power to be abused, in the public, the appointment of all the people and in the private sector, is the trust of the parties; in the public, the integrity of the job is infringed and the integrity of the office is violated, and the loyalty of the trust person is violated. (a) The consequences of corruption, which endanger the well-being of the State, the well-being of the whole population, the light and the justice of others, the loss and the fair and the challenge of the moral ground line. This article only discusses the corruption in international commercial transactions, and is limited to some problems and fails to show all the issues. Open. The issues that are not addressed are yet to be studied carefully. This paper discusses the problem of corruption in international commercial transactions from four parts, and the first part describes and defines the objects studied in this paper. The meaning of corruption, the composition of the act of corruption and the progress of the international community's legislation on the governance of corruption have been discussed. It is believed that the corruption in international commercial transactions has not been effectively controlled through nearly two decades of international efforts, and it is necessary to add On the basis of the first part, the second part mainly discusses the sanctions of corrupt practices in international commercial transactions, from the principles of the sanctions and the methods of the sanctions, respectively. in accordance with the relevant provisions of the International Convention against Corruption, the three principles of the effectiveness, proportionality and dissuasion of sanctions are, in the light of the principles of the sanctions, as a means of sanctions against acts of corruption The principle of conduct. In the way of sanctions, criminal and non-criminal methods are addressed and a tendentious discussion of the method of non-criminal sanctions is made, and it is considered that, in the administration of corruption, non-criminal methods should be fully utilized, in particular through negative and civil damage to the effectiveness of the contracts for corruption to impose sanctions on the perpetrators of corruption in order to increase the sanctions against acts of corruption The third part discusses the jurisdiction of the corruption in international commercial transactions. After a brief discussion of the general problems concerning the jurisdiction of foreign cases, the article focuses on the criminal jurisdiction over the corruption in international commercial transactions. The right question, and the judicial practice of the relevant jurisdiction of the United States have been analyzed and evaluated, and it is considered that the international community has an extended jurisdiction over the jurisdiction over the corruption in international commercial transactions. The fourth part analyzes the effect of corruption in international commercial transactions for many years, and probes into the relevant legal system in our country, and puts forward the modification and perfection. With regard to the effect of international regulation, the author holds that, despite the international efforts of many years, all countries have made legislation perfect in the domestic law on the regulation of corrupt practices in international commercial transactions, but the degree of determination of the law enforcement of all countries has affected the effect of the regulation. In general, the effect of international regulation is not ideal, and the future development trend should be to mobilize the active participation of civil society or the private sector to promote corruption. In our country's relevant legal system, the article mainly discusses the recent legislation related to this problem, and points out that the provisions of the criminal law for the bribery of foreign public officials or officials of the international public organizations still have the disadvantages and need to be modified appropriately and the system of the confiscation of the illegal gains before the trial in the criminal procedure law is not sufficient to impose effective sanctions on the perpetrators of corruption, In order to expand, and to transform the existing system of criminal and incidental civil action, to expand the participation of the people, the system of compensation for victims of corruption is divided into the system of the declaration of property of public officials related to the governance of corruption, the protection of the whistle-blowers and the system of reward and compensation, and the compensation system for victims of corruption. analysis and demonstration, and put forward the corresponding completion Good advice. It is not enough to rely on the state's public power to deal with corruption. It is necessary to mobilize the masses and let more people come in for effective treatment.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D996

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