北极海洋权益争端研究

发布时间：2019-01-03 18:19

【摘要】：由于北极地区具有丰富的资源和特殊的地理位置,周边各国对这一地区的争夺由来已久。进入21世纪后,全球气候迅速变暖,北极地区冰雪加速消融,北极地区自然环境的变化使得这一地区的资源开发成为可能。自2007年8月开始,北极争端再次升温。北冰洋沿岸各国纷纷依据《联合国海洋法公约》,在北极地区大肆争夺海洋权益。中国虽然距离北极地区较为遥远,但是作为一个北半球国家,北极地区的形势必然会对中国产生深刻的影响,中国对这一发生在地球最北端的海洋权益争端不得不密切关注,因此,研究这个课题具有非常重要的现实意义。笔者认为,文中所探讨的北极海洋权益争端可以这样界定：1982年《联合国海洋法公约》实施后,北极地区相关国家在北纬66.5°以北海域追求主权权利,因划分北冰洋海域所产生的主权权利要求范围的重合而产生的纠纷。目前,北极海洋权益争端的焦点是北冰洋沿岸各国外大陆架的划分,加拿大、丹麦、俄罗斯、挪威等国纷纷在北极海域主张200海里外大陆架权利,其法律依据都是建立在海洋法的基础上,即各国对北极海域的权利主张基本都是以《联合国海洋法公约》作为其法律依据的。笔者首先详细地梳理了国内外学者在北极海洋权益争端研究方面取得的成果,可以分为关于争端起因的研究和争端解决方式的研究；结合国际法方面的研究成果,把北极海洋权益争端的具体内容全面地呈现在读者面前：即除传统的海洋权益争端外,北极地区海洋权益争端的焦点是200海里以外大陆架的划界问题,而引起争端的法理依据主要是《联合国海洋法公约》；其次,对引起北极海洋权益争端的原因进行了全面、细致的分析：从地缘战略角度来讲,北冰洋的军事战略价值无可比拟；从蕴藏的资源来看,北极地区的油气资源异常丰富；从经济角度来看,北极航道的前景十分诱人；然后,对各种可能解决争端的模式进行了总结、并对各种模式的可行性进行了较为客观的分析,力求呈现出所有主要解决模式的大致轮廓。最后,根据目前北极争端的发展态势,通过对中国、日本、欧盟等国家和国家组织对北极海洋权益争端态度的分析,对北极海洋权益争端解决的前景进行了分析和预测,并在此基础上提出了中国的北极政策。
[Abstract]:Because the Arctic region has abundant resources and special geographical location, the neighboring countries have been fighting for this region for a long time. After entering the 21st century, the global climate is warming rapidly, the ice and snow in the Arctic region are melting rapidly, and the natural environment changes in the Arctic region make it possible to exploit the resources in this region. Since August 2007, the Arctic dispute has warmed up again. In accordance with the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, countries along the Arctic Ocean are scrambling for maritime rights in the Arctic region. Although China is far from the Arctic region, as a country in the northern hemisphere, the situation in the Arctic region is bound to have a profound impact on China. China has to pay close attention to this dispute over maritime rights and interests that occurred at the northernmost tip of the earth. Therefore, the study of this topic has a very important practical significance. The author believes that the Arctic maritime rights and interests dispute discussed in this paper can be defined as follows: after the implementation of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, the relevant countries in the Arctic region pursue the sovereign right in the sea area north of 66.5 掳N, A dispute arising from the overlapping of the scope of sovereignty claims arising from the division of the Arctic Ocean. At present, the focus of the Arctic maritime rights dispute is the division of the continental shelf of various foreign countries along the Arctic Ocean. Canada, Denmark, Russia, Norway and other countries have claimed the right to the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles in the Arctic Sea. Its legal basis is based on the law of the sea, that is, the claims of countries in the Arctic area are basically based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Firstly, the author makes a detailed review of the achievements made by domestic and foreign scholars in the research of Arctic maritime rights and interests dispute, which can be divided into two parts: the research on the cause of the dispute and the research on the dispute settlement method; Combined with the research results of international law, the specific contents of the Arctic maritime rights dispute are presented to the reader in a comprehensive way: in addition to the traditional maritime rights dispute, The focus of the dispute on maritime rights and interests in the Arctic region is the delimitation of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, and the legal basis for the dispute is mainly the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea; Secondly, the paper makes a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the causes of the dispute over the rights and interests of the Arctic Ocean: from the geo-strategic point of view, the military strategic value of the Arctic Ocean is unparalleled, and the Arctic region is rich in oil and gas resources from the point of view of the resources contained therein. From an economic point of view, the prospects for the Arctic waterway are very attractive; Then, the possible dispute settlement models are summarized, and the feasibility of each model is analyzed objectively, and the outline of all the main settlement modes is presented. Finally, according to the current development situation of the Arctic dispute, through the analysis of the attitude of China, Japan, the European Union and other countries and national organizations to the Arctic maritime rights dispute, the prospect of the Arctic maritime rights dispute settlement is analyzed and forecasted. On this basis, the Arctic policy of China is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D993.5

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