环境损害评估:国际制度及对中国的启示

发布时间：2019-02-15 11:25

【摘要】：随着全社会对资源环境稀缺性和环境价值认同的不断深入,世界各国从污染防治和生态环境保护实践中逐渐形成并健全了环境损害评估制度.环境损害评估的实践活动在科学研究层面对环境法学、环境经济学、环境科学、环境工程等相关学科的发展提出了新的挑战;在应用层面不断推动相关法律法规、技术方法、工作机制、程序导则的形成和完善.在比较分析美国、欧盟、日本等环境损害评估国际实践经验的基础上,明确了环境损害评估相关概念、内涵与范畴,系统梳理了各国相关法律法规、工作机制、技术导则、评估方法、资金来源以及沟通协调等制度内容.当前我国环境损害评估理论和实践都处于起步阶段,结合我国当前严峻的环境形势和社会经济发展阶段特征,借鉴国外先进经验,提出了我国环境损害评估的定位和发展方向,对探索适合我国国情的环境损害评估制度具有重要意义.
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the society's recognition of the scarcity of resources and environment and the recognition of environmental value, the environmental damage assessment system has been gradually formed and perfected in the practice of pollution prevention and ecological environment protection in various countries in the world. The practical activities of environmental damage assessment pose new challenges to the development of environmental law, environmental economics, environmental science, environmental engineering and so on. To promote the formation and improvement of relevant laws and regulations, technical methods, working mechanism and procedure guidelines at the application level. Based on the comparative analysis of the international practical experience of environmental damage assessment in the United States, the European Union and Japan, this paper clarifies the related concepts, connotations and categories of environmental damage assessment, and systematically combs the relevant laws and regulations, working mechanisms, technical guidelines of various countries. Evaluation methods, funding sources and communication coordination and other system content. At present, the theory and practice of environmental damage assessment in our country are in the initial stage. Combined with the severe environment situation and the characteristics of social and economic development stage in our country, the orientation and development direction of environmental damage assessment in our country are put forward based on the advanced experience of foreign countries. It is of great significance to explore the environmental damage assessment system suitable for China's national conditions.
【作者单位】：环境保护部环境规划院环境风险与损害鉴定评估研究中心;清华大学环境学院;中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41101572)
【分类号】：D996.9;X321

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