论国外对华反补贴实践及我国补贴法律制度的改革

发布时间：2019-03-07 18:07

【摘要】：自2004年加拿大对我国首次发起反补贴调查以来，我国成为世界上遭遇反补贴调查最多的国家.我国对外贸易的环境日益恶化，某些行业因此遭遇巨大损失。反补贴作为主要国际贸易救济措施之一，长期以来被国际社会广泛认为不适用于非市场经济国家。外国对我国产品适用反补贴措施，表明国际社会对反补贴的基本规则有了新的解读，对反补贴制度适用于非市场经济国家的合法性进行研究则显得十分必要。另外，研究我国现行补贴制度的不足及改进的措施，减少国外反补贴调查，争取有利的国际贸易环境也非常重要。笔者试图运用历史分析、比较分析、案例分析等方法就国外对华反补贴的正当性和我国补贴制度改革做一系列的研究。第一章：简要介绍论文选题的背景、前人研究成果、研究内容和研究方法。第二章：介绍我国目前遭遇反补贴的概况。主要包括我国遭遇双反案件的介绍；国际社会从热衷使用反倾销到反倾销和反补贴措施同时适用的原因；国际社会对华双反的特点；反补贴和反倾销同时适用对我国的影响。第三章：主要分析对华双反的合法性。通过分析美国、欧盟、加拿大有关反补贴的法律规定和美国对非市场经济国家反补贴案例，，以及WTO《补贴与反补贴措施协议》（以下简称SCM协议）的有关规定，笔者认为，对非市场经济国家反补贴不存在法律依据的障碍，但“双反”措施同时实施可能导致“重复救济”。第四章：首先，通过分析中国加入世贸组织时签署的文件，笔者认为，中国作为发展中国家享有的补贴权利基本被剥夺，中国在未来将承担更多的有关补贴限制的义务。其次，笔者认为，中国改进其补贴制度的压力不仅来自于国内也来自于国外。受中国长期计划经济的影响，中国在管理国有企业的手段不能满足加入WTO后的要求，中央政府对地方政府补贴权限的规制立法不到位，地方政府补贴行为不易有效监管。第五章：中国改革补贴制度必须坚持以市场经济制度为基础。构建统一透明的与补贴相关的制度，既要合理维护国内企业的利益又要关注WTO的规则。制度建设的重点是处理好中央和地方的补贴权能分配，并应当构建有效的立法监督、司法监督和行政监督制度，灵活而务实的补贴策略也是不可缺少的。
[Abstract]:Since Canada launched the countervailing investigation against our country for the first time in 2004, China has become the country with the most countervailing investigation in the world. The environment of our country's foreign trade is getting worse day by day, and some industries suffer huge losses as a result. Countervailing, as one of the main relief measures in international trade, has long been widely accepted by the international community as not applicable to non-market economy countries. The application of countervailing measures to Chinese products by foreign countries shows that the international community has a new interpretation of the basic rules of countervailing, and it is very necessary to study the legitimacy of countervailing system applied to non-market economy countries. In addition, it is very important to study the deficiency of our current subsidy system and the measures to improve it, to reduce the investigation of foreign countervailing, and to strive for a favorable international trade environment. The author tries to use historical analysis, comparative analysis, case analysis and other methods to do a series of research on the legitimacy of foreign countervailing to China and the reform of China's subsidy system. The first chapter briefly introduces the background, previous research results, research contents and research methods of the thesis. Chapter two: introduce the current situation of countervailing in our country. It mainly includes the introduction of China's double countervailing cases; the reasons why the international community has applied both anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures from keen use of anti-dumping to anti-dumping and countervailing measures; the characteristics of international double-countervailing to China; and the influence of the simultaneous application of countervailing and antidumping on China. Chapter III: the main analysis of the legitimacy of China's dual anti-Japanese. By analyzing the laws and regulations of the United States, the European Union and Canada on countervailing, and the case of countervailing of non-market economy countries by the United States, as well as the relevant provisions of the WTO Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures (hereinafter referred to as the SCM Agreement), the author thinks that: There are no legal barriers to countervailing non-market economy countries, but the simultaneous implementation of "double countervailing" measures may lead to "repeated relief". Chapter four: first of all, by analyzing the documents signed by China when entering WTO, the author thinks that China as a developing country has basically been deprived of its right to subsidize, and China will assume more obligations related to the limitation of subsidies in the future. Secondly, the author believes that China's pressure to improve its subsidy system comes not only from home but also from abroad. Under the influence of China's long-term planned economy, the means of managing state-owned enterprises in China can not meet the requirements after China's entry into WTO. The central government's legislation on local government subsidy authority is not in place, and local government subsidy behavior is not easy to supervise effectively. Chapter V: China's reform of the subsidy system must adhere to the market economy system as the basis. To construct a unified and transparent subsidy-related system, we should not only safeguard the interests of domestic enterprises, but also pay attention to the rules of WTO. The focus of the system construction is to deal with the distribution of subsidy power between the central and local governments, and the effective legislative supervision, judicial supervision and administrative supervision system should be set up. Flexible and pragmatic subsidy strategies are also indispensable.
【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1

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