价格垄断行为违法性认定研究

发布时间：2019-03-09 13:08

【摘要】：价格垄断行为是指含有价格内容或使用了价格手段的以限制竞争为目的或具有此效果的行为。根据《反价格垄断规定》，价格垄断行为有三类：价格垄断协议，价格滥用行为，在价格方面的行政垄断行为。本文仅研究前两类，并对这两类行为的界定、违法性认定做了深入分析。价格垄断协议是含有价格内容的垄断协议，对它的分析适用垄断协议的一般方法，欧美法上都是两个步骤，先考察协议造成的损害，再分析效率，根据效率是否能抵消损害来判断协议的违法性。至于具体的模式，欧盟体现为第101条（3）的四个豁免条件；美国是根据《谢尔曼法》第1条形成了本身违法原则和合理原则。我国《反垄断法》第15条主要是借鉴了欧盟的做法。价格垄断协议可以分为横向的和纵向的，横向固定价格损害十分严重、一般不会产生效率，因而不需进行效率分析；而纵向固定价格则是可以产生效率的，需要具体分析。价格滥用行为是使用了价格手段的支配地位滥用行为。支配地位滥用的一般分析方法和垄断协议一样，先考察行为是否排除、限制了竞争，再考察效率，行为人还可以进行效率抗辩。具体来说，掠夺性定价的消极效果很明显，不会产生效率，是本身违法的。而认定掠夺性定价的核心是行为人是否在扩大损失。至于价格歧视，界定的关键是卖方从不同的买方那所获得的利润率不同。价格歧视若能增加社会总产出，，就是有效率的，不会被反垄断法所禁止。
[Abstract]:Price monopoly refers to the price content or use of price means for the purpose of limiting competition or with this effect. According to the anti-price monopoly regulation, there are three kinds of price monopoly behavior: price monopoly agreement, price abuse behavior and administrative monopoly behavior in price. This paper only studies the first two types, and makes an in-depth analysis of the definition and illegality of these two types of behaviors. Price monopoly agreement is a monopoly agreement with price content. The analysis of price monopoly agreement applies the general method of monopoly agreement. Both European and American law are two steps. First, the damage caused by the agreement is examined, and then the efficiency is analyzed. Judging the illegality of the agreement based on whether efficiency offsets the damage. As for the specific model, the EU is embodied in the four conditions of immunity in article 101 (3); the United States has formed its own principles of violation and reasonableness in accordance with article 1 of the Sherman Act. Article 15 of China's Anti-monopoly Law mainly refers to the practice of the European Union. Price monopoly agreement can be divided into horizontal and vertical, horizontal fixed price damage is very serious, generally will not produce efficiency, so there is no need for efficiency analysis, while vertical fixed price can produce efficiency, need specific analysis. The abuse of price is the abuse of dominant position by means of price. The general analytical method of abuse of dominant position is the same as that of monopoly agreement, which first examines whether the behavior is excluded, limits competition, and then examines efficiency, and the actor can also defend efficiency. Specifically, the negative effect of predatory pricing is obvious, will not produce efficiency, is itself illegal. The core of predatory pricing is whether the actor is expanding the loss. As for price discrimination, the key to the definition is that the seller receives different profit margins from different buyers. Price discrimination, if it increases total social output, is efficient and will not be prohibited by antitrust law.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.294;D996.1

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