美、俄关于北极航道的行政管理法律体系研究

发布时间：2019-03-13 08:04

【摘要】：当前的北极地区已经成为美国和俄罗斯战略竞争的重点区域,俄罗斯力图通过自身的地缘优势和技术优势确立在北极地区的战略主导地位,以摆脱美国通过北约东扩在欧洲部署导弹防御系统和在大西洋、太平洋的军事优势围堵和遏制俄罗斯的战略困境。而美国正加紧从北冰洋地区围堵俄罗斯,动员更多的北约国家参与北冰洋地区对俄罗斯的遏制。在北极航道的行政管理上,美、俄等国家均出台了不同的政策和法律,这些政策和法律之间存在着很多冲突。早在20世纪30年代苏联就设立相应部门对"北方航道"实施行政管理,将其作为内水水域对待,而美国则长期坚持该航道为国际水域,外国船舶享有过境通行权。相关国家应该遵照《联合国海洋法公约》的规定,建立统一的资源开发规则和制度,力争签署统一的北极地区合作发展条约。
[Abstract]:The current Arctic region has become a key area of strategic competition between the United States and Russia, and Russia strives to establish its strategic dominant position in the Arctic region through its own geographical and technological advantages. In order to get rid of the United States through NATO eastward expansion of the deployment of missile defense systems in Europe and in the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific military advantage to block and contain Russia's strategic dilemma. And the United States is stepping up efforts to encircle Russia from the Arctic Ocean and mobilize more NATO countries to participate in the containment of Russia in the Arctic Ocean. In the administration of Arctic waterway, the United States, Russia and other countries have issued different policies and laws, there are many conflicts between these policies and laws. As early as 1930s, the Soviet Union set up the corresponding department to carry out the administrative management of the "northern waterway" and treat it as an internal water area, while the United States has long maintained that the waterway is international waters, and foreign ships enjoy the right of transit passage. In accordance with the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, relevant countries should establish uniform rules and systems for the exploitation of resources and strive to sign a unified treaty on cooperation and development in the Arctic region.
【作者单位】：大连海事大学法学院;大连海事大学船舶实验实习中心;
【基金】：大连海事大学2009年重大引导性项目(2009ZD05)
【分类号】：D993.5;D951.2;D971.2

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